{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973300776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2942043","title":"Locating Vulnerability in Binaries Using Deep Neural Networks","display_name":"Locating Vulnerability in Binaries Using Deep Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973300776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2942043","mag":"2973300776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2942043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2942043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08843873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08843873.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048870090","display_name":"Runhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Runhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118941378","display_name":"Chen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4349-0540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101726074","display_name":"Chao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0884-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399142","display_name":"Xing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101867084","display_name":"Chaojing Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9025-2791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojing Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048870090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8349,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73563778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"134660","last_page":"134676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8318994045257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.7555139064788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.61305171251297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5774455666542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5327287912368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.49204036593437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4668750464916229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.4498077630996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4214797616004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40460532903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3268549144268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2758945822715759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8318994045257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7555139064788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.61305171251297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5774455666542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5327287912368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.49204036593437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4668750464916229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.4498077630996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4214797616004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40460532903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3268549144268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2758945822715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2942043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2942043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08843873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:20fbcfa921b449e4bfd03e5f54656eb7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/20fbcfa921b449e4bfd03e5f54656eb7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 134660-134676 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2942043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2942043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08843873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7436097038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973300776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973300776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W646354405","https://openalex.org/W1412775481","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1843474218","https://openalex.org/W1899504021","https://openalex.org/W1950030762","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2069268700","https://openalex.org/W2070779353","https://openalex.org/W2073610295","https://openalex.org/W2089745089","https://openalex.org/W2092239677","https://openalex.org/W2092742242","https://openalex.org/W2095743037","https://openalex.org/W2096370414","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2121973264","https://openalex.org/W2130343490","https://openalex.org/W2130359903","https://openalex.org/W2131571251","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2137723287","https://openalex.org/W2138788987","https://openalex.org/W2149222015","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2166007208","https://openalex.org/W2245429186","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2297419069","https://openalex.org/W2343875716","https://openalex.org/W2344949959","https://openalex.org/W2383417445","https://openalex.org/W2508015754","https://openalex.org/W2538458302","https://openalex.org/W2554617361","https://openalex.org/W2618398196","https://openalex.org/W2743517242","https://openalex.org/W2753395445","https://openalex.org/W2771289545","https://openalex.org/W2781491433","https://openalex.org/W2792657554","https://openalex.org/W2912440308","https://openalex.org/W2920974348","https://openalex.org/W2949547296","https://openalex.org/W2962832406","https://openalex.org/W2963519230","https://openalex.org/W2963674831","https://openalex.org/W2963916998","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W3010237748","https://openalex.org/W3101228802","https://openalex.org/W4234410243","https://openalex.org/W4241947695","https://openalex.org/W4247155915","https://openalex.org/W6607333740","https://openalex.org/W6621201870","https://openalex.org/W6628233427","https://openalex.org/W6631636882","https://openalex.org/W6679775712","https://openalex.org/W6704683568","https://openalex.org/W6738373677","https://openalex.org/W6742725575","https://openalex.org/W6743691393","https://openalex.org/W6754393108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1883246888","https://openalex.org/W2370114625","https://openalex.org/W1756374135","https://openalex.org/W2062873522","https://openalex.org/W2947584067","https://openalex.org/W2280562859","https://openalex.org/W230721595","https://openalex.org/W3157230915","https://openalex.org/W1496728123","https://openalex.org/W2789975780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Binary":[0],"fault":[1,174],"localization":[2,175],"is":[3,162],"important":[4],"for":[5,21,55,87],"vulnerability":[6,16,32],"analysis,":[7],"but":[8],"many":[9],"current":[10],"techniques":[11],"face":[12],"problems":[13],"in":[14,49,91,169,187],"locating":[15,33,165],"accurately":[17,136],"and":[18,51,66,93,137,143,156],"effectively,":[19,138],"especially":[20],"real-world":[22],"programs.":[23,171],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,110],"propose":[28],"a":[29,173],"novel":[30],"gradient-guided":[31],"method":[34],"named":[35],"DeepVL,":[36,109],"which":[37],"leverages":[38],"deep":[39],"neural":[40,75,80],"networks":[41],"to":[42,101,119],"diagnose":[43],"the":[44,73,84,96,106,120,148,181],"root":[45],"cause":[46],"of":[47,62,72,108,113,134,164,184],"weakness":[48],"binaries":[50],"provide":[52],"guidance":[53],"information":[54,86],"further":[56],"analysis.":[57],"DeepVL":[58,82,129,161,177],"collects":[59],"sufficient":[60],"amounts":[61],"crashed":[63],"execution":[64,68],"traces":[65,69,92],"normal":[67],"as":[70],"input":[71],"constructed":[74],"networks.":[76],"Based":[77],"on":[78,115,123,150],"trained":[79],"network,":[81],"calculates":[83],"gradient":[85],"each":[88],"basic":[89,98,167],"block":[90],"filter":[94],"out":[95],"vulnerable":[97,166],"blocks":[99,168],"according":[100],"corresponding":[102],"gradients.":[103],"To":[104],"demonstrate":[105],"applicability":[107],"perform":[111],"plenty":[112],"experiments":[114],"different":[116,132],"datasets.":[117],"According":[118],"experimental":[121],"results":[122,149],"Common":[124],"Weakness":[125],"Enumeration":[126],"(CWE)":[127],"dataset,":[128],"could":[130,178],"locate":[131],"types":[133],"vulnerabilities":[135,186],"with":[139],"recall@10":[140],"reaching":[141,145],"96.9%":[142],"precision@10":[144],"70.1%.":[146],"Additionally,":[147],"Cyber":[151],"Grand":[152],"Challenge":[153],"(CGC)":[154],"program":[155],"LibTIFF":[157],"4.0.10":[158],"show":[159],"that":[160],"capable":[163],"large-scale":[170],"As":[172],"tool,":[176],"greatly":[179],"reduce":[180],"manual":[182],"effort":[183],"finding":[185],"binaries.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
