{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973576572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941992","title":"A Physical-Layer Scheduling Approach in Large-Scale Cooperative Networks","display_name":"A Physical-Layer Scheduling Approach in Large-Scale Cooperative Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973576572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941992","mag":"2973576572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2941992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941992","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08840834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08840834.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102007379","display_name":"Farhan Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-918X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhan Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078865165","display_name":"Syed Ali Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-7377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-7377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055900200","display_name":"Ali Hashmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-7679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Javed Hashmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002135635","display_name":"Haejoon Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-2784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146429904","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haejoon Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-2784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5579,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70812904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"134338","last_page":"134347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8134878873825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6736545562744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.6149923205375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.6098323464393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5625815987586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.559357762336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5509228706359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.533953070640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4300781488418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38925743103027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.26729702949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0977550745010376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8134878873825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6736545562744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.6149923205375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.6098323464393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5625815987586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.559357762336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5509228706359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.533953070640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4300781488418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38925743103027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.26729702949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0977550745010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2941992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941992","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08840834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9d01fc683d6e47778b366730820ea6a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9d01fc683d6e47778b366730820ea6a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 134338-134347 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2941992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941992","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08840834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321363","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973576572.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973576572.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008980682","https://openalex.org/W2017446918","https://openalex.org/W2046922517","https://openalex.org/W2078320767","https://openalex.org/W2126384258","https://openalex.org/W2144983219","https://openalex.org/W2296796034","https://openalex.org/W2546677102","https://openalex.org/W2554190325","https://openalex.org/W2590810848","https://openalex.org/W2599394515","https://openalex.org/W2793241364","https://openalex.org/W2795283484","https://openalex.org/W2795676317","https://openalex.org/W2802074788","https://openalex.org/W2808204124","https://openalex.org/W2884174529","https://openalex.org/W2890646054","https://openalex.org/W2902711397","https://openalex.org/W2909049420","https://openalex.org/W2918192953","https://openalex.org/W2921160536","https://openalex.org/W2938242181","https://openalex.org/W2946154870","https://openalex.org/W2955667801","https://openalex.org/W2963394349","https://openalex.org/W4300306656","https://openalex.org/W6733890926","https://openalex.org/W6750002148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900105712","https://openalex.org/W4385507351","https://openalex.org/W881306924","https://openalex.org/W2808114008","https://openalex.org/W2017269528","https://openalex.org/W4252409419","https://openalex.org/W2367195577","https://openalex.org/W3127012794","https://openalex.org/W2589005798","https://openalex.org/W1972577678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23],"a":[1,32,63,82,113,123,215,233],"sensor,":[2],"mesh,":[3],"or":[4,62],"ad":[5],"hoc":[6],"network,":[7],"different":[8,100,229,265],"transmissions":[9,213],"take":[10],"place":[11],"between":[12,71,109],"multiple":[13,41,66,205,247],"source-destination":[14,89],"pairs,":[15],"which":[16,85,188,238,276],"is":[17,29,74,116,119,128,175,189],"referred":[18],"to":[19,37,54,87,106,121,156,176,191,231,250],"as":[20],"data":[21,27,206],"flows.":[22,207],"this":[24,173,183,209],"paper,":[25],"each":[26,60],"flow":[28],"associated":[30],"with":[31,246],"certain":[33,234],"duty":[34,94,124,195],"cycle":[35,95,125],"schedule":[36,126,235],"avoid":[38,107],"collisions":[39],"of":[40,99,143,180,185,204,267,275,280],"flows":[42],"in":[43,49,81,104,131,137,162,172,201,214],"an":[44,146,221],"energy-efficient":[45],"manner.":[46],"Cooperative":[47],"routes":[48,101],"the":[50,69,72,92,134,138,154,157,160,165,168,178,202,211,242,251,255,260,268,272,278],"network":[51,217],"are":[52,102,218,236,239],"assumed":[53],"be":[55],"linear":[56,216],"and":[57,68],"strip-shaped,":[58],"where":[59],"hop":[61],"level":[64],"contains":[65],"nodes,":[67],"distance":[70],"nodes":[73,80,135,166],"kept":[75],"constant.":[76],"We":[77,253],"assume":[78],"all":[79],"cooperative":[83],"route,":[84],"corresponds":[86],"one":[88],"pair,":[90],"follow":[91],"same":[93],"schedule,":[96],"while":[97],"schedules":[98,161],"orthogonal":[103,147],"time":[105,224],"interference":[108],"routes.":[110],"Therefore,":[111],"when":[112],"new":[114,139],"route":[115,144],"formed,":[117],"it":[118],"important":[120],"select":[122],"that":[127],"not":[129],"already":[130],"use":[132,163],"by":[133,164,241],"participating":[136],"route.":[140],"As":[141],"part":[142],"set-up,":[145],"frequency":[148],"division":[149],"multiplexing":[150],"packet":[151],"travels":[152],"from":[153],"source":[155],"destination,":[158],"identifying":[159],"along":[167],"path.":[169],"Our":[170],"objective":[171],"paper":[174],"analyze":[177],"probabilities":[179],"detection":[181],"for":[182,259],"method":[184],"detecting":[186],"schedules,":[187],"useful":[190],"gain":[192],"insights":[193],"into":[194],"cycling-based":[196],"medium":[197],"access":[198],"protocol":[199],"design":[200],"presence":[203],"To":[208],"end,":[210],"successive":[212],"modeled":[219],"using":[220],"irreducible":[222],"discrete":[223],"Markov":[225,261],"chain.":[226],"Also,":[227],"three":[228],"approaches":[230],"detect":[232],"investigated,":[237],"distinguished":[240],"binary":[243],"integration":[244],"process":[245],"sub-carriers":[248],"corresponding":[249],"schedule.":[252],"derive":[254],"probability":[256,279],"transition":[257],"matrix":[258],"chain":[262],"based":[263],"on":[264],"distributions":[266],"received":[269],"signal":[270],"energy,":[271],"left":[273],"eigenvector":[274],"yields":[277],"detection.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}