{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972834231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941240","title":"Two-Layer Collaborative Architecture for Distributed Volt/Var Optimization and Control in Power Distribution Systems","display_name":"Two-Layer Collaborative Architecture for Distributed Volt/Var Optimization and Control in Power Distribution Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972834231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941240","mag":"2972834231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2941240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941240","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08836590.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08836590.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035807518","display_name":"Qiyi Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of NARI Electric and Automation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-5467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of NARI Electric and Automation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341318","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-2552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of NARI Electric and Automation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of NARI Electric and Automation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318425","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-5401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118629","display_name":"NARI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02egn3136","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI Group Corporation, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI Group Corporation, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047025526","display_name":"Fusuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-8050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118629","display_name":"NARI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02egn3136","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fusuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI Group Corporation, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI Group Corporation, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103895442","display_name":"Zhongyu Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyu Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of NARI Electric and Automation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of NARI Electric and Automation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075208158","display_name":"Jiaqi Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-8932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of NARI Electric and Automation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of NARI Electric and Automation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1168,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45493359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"173344","last_page":"173357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6642962098121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.6099927425384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.5639052391052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4513890743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45058673620224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4123542904853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.29429420828819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16961008310317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1637476682662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.13219985365867615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6642962098121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.6099927425384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.5639052391052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4513890743255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45058673620224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4123542904853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.29429420828819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16961008310317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1637476682662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.13219985365867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2941240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941240","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08836590.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d41b8cf6195459b87eeb8644766c93a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d41b8cf6195459b87eeb8644766c93a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 173344-173357 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2941240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941240","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08836590.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972834231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972834231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972509968","https://openalex.org/W1985176831","https://openalex.org/W1987463767","https://openalex.org/W2036360413","https://openalex.org/W2040886477","https://openalex.org/W2074628584","https://openalex.org/W2087895221","https://openalex.org/W2101822270","https://openalex.org/W2116544781","https://openalex.org/W2154487396","https://openalex.org/W2164635266","https://openalex.org/W2171659837","https://openalex.org/W2278023433","https://openalex.org/W2289258910","https://openalex.org/W2319439288","https://openalex.org/W2412270181","https://openalex.org/W2507570090","https://openalex.org/W2526778399","https://openalex.org/W2556575516","https://openalex.org/W2560127681","https://openalex.org/W2593427583","https://openalex.org/W2624981577","https://openalex.org/W2661527264","https://openalex.org/W2737628516","https://openalex.org/W2739580509","https://openalex.org/W2747916217","https://openalex.org/W2769732791","https://openalex.org/W2801748212","https://openalex.org/W2809470649","https://openalex.org/W2911467671","https://openalex.org/W2913831476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312311708","https://openalex.org/W2006004274","https://openalex.org/W2042023873","https://openalex.org/W2372464858","https://openalex.org/W2900490168","https://openalex.org/W2157275880","https://openalex.org/W2149006591","https://openalex.org/W2893865120","https://openalex.org/W1581129489","https://openalex.org/W2369252416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"large-scale":[1],"distribution":[2,200],"networks":[3],"(DNs)":[4],"with":[5,51],"distributed":[6,35,47,92,159],"generations":[7],"(DGs),":[8],"the":[9,34,62,68,75,91,97,108,120,150,154,163,171,175,194,204],"conventional":[10],"centralized":[11],"Volt/Var":[12],"optimization":[13],"and":[14,24,66,96,146,181,208],"control":[15,100,165],"(VOC)":[16],"have":[17],"high":[18],"demand":[19],"for":[20,33,45,74,119],"online":[21],"computing":[22],"resources":[23],"efficiency.":[25,211],"This":[26],"paper":[27,57],"proposes":[28],"a":[29,40,46,80,115],"new":[30],"decision-making":[31],"method":[32,205],"VOC":[36],"(D-VOC)":[37],"based":[38,89],"on":[39,90,193],"two-layer":[41,116],"collaborative":[42,117],"architecture.":[43,155,176],"First,":[44],"equivalent":[48,76,93],"load":[49,72,77,94],"system":[50],"on-load":[52],"tap":[53],"changer":[54],"(OLTC),":[55],"this":[56,113],"studies":[58],"how":[59],"to":[60,106,162,185],"minimize":[61],"active":[63],"power":[64,137,141],"loss":[65],"reach":[67],"target":[69],"voltage":[70],"of":[71,82,102,153,174],"side":[73],"system.":[78],"Second,":[79],"concept":[81],"virtual":[83,129],"soft":[84],"controller":[85],"(VSC)":[86],"is":[87,122,169,206],"presented":[88],"system,":[95],"local":[98,164],"optimal":[99],"strategies":[101],"VSCs":[103,124,156],"are":[104,144,148],"designed":[105],"realize":[107],"D-VOC":[109,121],"in":[110,128],"DNs.":[111],"On":[112],"basis,":[114],"architecture":[118],"designed.":[123],"could":[125],"be":[126],"built":[127],"or":[130,139],"real":[131],"deployment":[132],"at":[133,149,170],"nodes":[134],"where":[135],"reactive":[136,140],"sources":[138],"compensation":[142],"devices":[143],"equipped,":[145],"they":[147],"bottom":[151],"layer":[152,173],"upload":[157],"their":[158],"decision":[160],"results":[161],"center":[166],"(LCC)":[167],"which":[168],"top":[172],"The":[177],"LCC":[178],"systematically":[179],"verifies":[180],"authorizes":[182],"each":[183],"VSC":[184],"execute":[186],"its":[187],"own":[188],"operational":[189],"instruction.":[190],"Case":[191],"study":[192],"modified":[195],"PG":[196],"&":[197],"E":[198],"69-bus":[199],"grid":[201],"shows":[202],"that":[203],"feasible":[207],"has":[209],"satisfactory":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-29T23:13:10.619473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
