{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972470069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940737","title":"Twin-Net Descriptor: Twin Negative Mining With Quad Loss for Patch-Based Matching","display_name":"Twin-Net Descriptor: Twin Negative Mining With Quad Loss for Patch-Based Matching","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972470069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940737","mag":"2972470069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940737","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08835028.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08835028.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065232598","display_name":"Aman Irshad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aman Irshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000809180","display_name":"Rehan Hafiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-3068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rehan Hafiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101953829","display_name":"Mohsen Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-8679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101524209","display_name":"Muhammad Faisal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5254-4833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057742975","display_name":"Yongju Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1189-1622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongju Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tera Media Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1189-1622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tera Media Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030559980","display_name":"Jeongil Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-0939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongil Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tera Media Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tera Media Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.5977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95422687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"136062","last_page":"136072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7763403654098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6870629191398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6843538284301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6339747905731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6196508407592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5847417712211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5741634964942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.5651642084121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4976828396320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.494092732667923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4691637456417084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.45294612646102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4276973605155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.31095975637435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29193052649497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21282657980918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07212585210800171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7763403654098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6870629191398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6843538284301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6339747905731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6196508407592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5847417712211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5741634964942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.5651642084121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4976828396320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.494092732667923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4691637456417084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.45294612646102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4276973605155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.31095975637435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29193052649497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21282657980918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07212585210800171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940737","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08835028.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:189f362c3abb495289448d6b8cfc7e78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/189f362c3abb495289448d6b8cfc7e78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 136062-136072 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940737","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08835028.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972470069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972470069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1612997784","https://openalex.org/W1627400044","https://openalex.org/W1646493568","https://openalex.org/W1843927653","https://openalex.org/W1869500417","https://openalex.org/W1908016767","https://openalex.org/W1923967535","https://openalex.org/W1929856797","https://openalex.org/W1945298332","https://openalex.org/W1955055330","https://openalex.org/W2007178811","https://openalex.org/W2089888558","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2144041313","https://openalex.org/W2145072179","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165558283","https://openalex.org/W2219193941","https://openalex.org/W2320444803","https://openalex.org/W2340690086","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2556970001","https://openalex.org/W2598634450","https://openalex.org/W2606377603","https://openalex.org/W2612112834","https://openalex.org/W2737260104","https://openalex.org/W2749224737","https://openalex.org/W2782124689","https://openalex.org/W2804394440","https://openalex.org/W2909767284","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963157250","https://openalex.org/W2963284197","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963537932","https://openalex.org/W2963687355","https://openalex.org/W2963713828","https://openalex.org/W2963748588","https://openalex.org/W3043075211","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3103648783","https://openalex.org/W6636759986","https://openalex.org/W6640083356","https://openalex.org/W6640412524","https://openalex.org/W6681554747","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6704508018","https://openalex.org/W6726946684","https://openalex.org/W6735531217","https://openalex.org/W6747476767","https://openalex.org/W6752208963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034955165","https://openalex.org/W2094920358","https://openalex.org/W2041448692","https://openalex.org/W2247121321","https://openalex.org/W2391926582","https://openalex.org/W2087391438","https://openalex.org/W1966831329","https://openalex.org/W2316074893","https://openalex.org/W2020188645","https://openalex.org/W2049930962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Local":[0],"keypoint":[1,31],"matching":[2,32,202],"is":[3,119],"an":[4,54,96,123,159],"important":[5],"step":[6],"for":[7,89],"computer":[8],"vision":[9],"based":[10,20,45,71,86],"tasks.":[11],"In":[12,61],"recent":[13],"years,":[14],"Deep":[15],"Convolutional":[16],"Neural":[17],"Network":[18],"(CNN)":[19],"strategies":[21],"have":[22],"been":[23],"employed":[24],"to":[25,29,80,100,108,152,198,231],"learn":[26],"descriptor":[27,93,183,201],"generation":[28],"enhance":[30],"accuracy.":[33],"Recent":[34],"state-of-art":[35],"works":[36],"in":[37,158,161],"this":[38,62],"direction":[39],"primarily":[40],"rely":[41],"upon":[42],"a":[43,56,59,66,76,82,91,181],"triplet":[44],"loss":[46,78,117],"function":[47,79,118],"(and":[48],"its":[49,170],"variations)":[50],"utilizing":[51],"three":[52],"samples:":[53],"anchor,":[55],"positive":[57],"and":[58,114,168,184,195,213,226],"negative.":[60],"work":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"novel":[67],"\u201cTwin":[68],"Negative":[69],"Mining\u201d":[70],"sampling":[72,112],"strategy":[73,113],"coupled":[74],"with":[75],"Quad":[77],"train":[81],"deep":[83],"neural":[84],"network":[85,167],"pipeline":[87],"(Twin-Net)":[88],"generating":[90],"robust":[92],"that":[94,104,126,149,206],"provides":[95],"increased":[97],"discriminatory":[98,225],"power":[99],"differentiate":[101],"between":[102],"patches":[103,130,148],"do":[105],"not":[106],"correspond":[107],"each":[109],"other.":[110],"Our":[111,209],"choice":[115],"of":[116,128,144,165,207],"aimed":[120],"at":[121,136],"placing":[122],"upper":[124],"bound":[125],"descriptors":[127,143],"two":[129,145],"representing":[131],"same":[132,153,177],"location":[133],"could":[134],"be":[135],"worst":[137],"no":[138],"more":[139],"dissimilar":[140],"than":[141],"the":[142,162,166,176,192,199,232],"similar":[146],"looking":[147],"do-not":[150],"belong":[151],"3D":[154],"location.":[155],"This":[156],"results":[157,210],"increase":[160],"generalization":[163,227],"capability":[164,228],"outperforms":[169],"existing":[171],"counterparts":[172],"when":[173],"trained":[174],"over":[175],"datasets.":[178],"Twin-Net":[179],"outputs":[180],"128-dimensional":[182],"uses":[185],"L":[186],"<sub":[187],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[188],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[189],"Distance":[190],"as":[191,205,221,223,229],"similarity":[193],"metric,":[194],"hence":[196],"conforms":[197],"classical":[200],"pipelines":[203],"such":[204],"SIFT.":[208],"on":[211],"Brown":[212],"HPatches":[214],"datasets":[215],"demonstrate":[216],"Twin-Net's":[217],"consistently":[218],"better":[219,224],"performance":[220],"well":[222],"compared":[230],"state-of-art.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
