{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972832672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940554","title":"Malicious Domain Names Detection Algorithm Based on Lexical Analysis and Feature Quantification","display_name":"Malicious Domain Names Detection Algorithm Based on Lexical Analysis and Feature Quantification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972832672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940554","mag":"2972832672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08830336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08830336.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103242236","display_name":"Hong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5515-6139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000231514","display_name":"Zhaobin Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaobin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398436","display_name":"Weijie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1532-1395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101870858","display_name":"Xiangyan Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-338X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77250616","display_name":"Fort Valley State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mpwj415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77250616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77250616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103242236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.1668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93158505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"128990","last_page":"128999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substring","display_name":"Substring","score":0.9220656752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blacklist","display_name":"Blacklist","score":0.8899867534637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7513673305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6484163403511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blacklisting","display_name":"Blacklisting","score":0.5790982246398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5230225920677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48392897844314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.4811195433139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4526604413986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23032242059707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16377216577529907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182407805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2626534","display_name":"Substring","level":3,"score":0.9220656752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2535979","display_name":"Blacklist","level":2,"score":0.8899867534637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7513673305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6484163403511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779797433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632959","display_name":"Blacklisting","level":2,"score":0.5790982246398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5230225920677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48392897844314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.4811195433139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4526604413986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23032242059707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16377216577529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08830336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80a6ba187bb7449cad85b56035a7b96d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80a6ba187bb7449cad85b56035a7b96d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 128990-128999 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2940554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08830336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1519174469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NGII20160311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1574323910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2558086092","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51668043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3388314091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NGII20160112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4148739412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5525282449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5903929790","display_name":"EAGER: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Developmental mechanisms of perception and language in the infant brain","funder_award_id":"1510998","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7274746919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8176047477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18JR3RA156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208342437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8633397699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61262016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972832672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972832672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14064520","https://openalex.org/W17316494","https://openalex.org/W22566950","https://openalex.org/W1561983441","https://openalex.org/W1967630610","https://openalex.org/W1981049515","https://openalex.org/W1981294881","https://openalex.org/W1993468264","https://openalex.org/W1995371264","https://openalex.org/W2009779276","https://openalex.org/W2010562718","https://openalex.org/W2050821053","https://openalex.org/W2055234825","https://openalex.org/W2057871674","https://openalex.org/W2082550445","https://openalex.org/W2100307718","https://openalex.org/W2191989567","https://openalex.org/W2254045925","https://openalex.org/W2394622992","https://openalex.org/W2509891819","https://openalex.org/W2588126298","https://openalex.org/W2596340169","https://openalex.org/W2617978315","https://openalex.org/W2712182744","https://openalex.org/W2785942682","https://openalex.org/W2793336985","https://openalex.org/W2804240301","https://openalex.org/W2809104090","https://openalex.org/W2883550956","https://openalex.org/W2884990597","https://openalex.org/W2885747980","https://openalex.org/W2889547652","https://openalex.org/W2895940773","https://openalex.org/W2906522616","https://openalex.org/W2913504480","https://openalex.org/W2914500721","https://openalex.org/W2917683223","https://openalex.org/W3208410774","https://openalex.org/W6633578641","https://openalex.org/W6712054201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181543702","https://openalex.org/W3172840274","https://openalex.org/W2769847412","https://openalex.org/W2146351192","https://openalex.org/W3037489623","https://openalex.org/W2991976289","https://openalex.org/W4241417517","https://openalex.org/W4379624358","https://openalex.org/W178883471","https://openalex.org/W2972832672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malicious":[0],"domain":[1,24,35,65,79,97,110,133,152,157,193,219],"names":[2,25,36,98,134],"usually":[3],"refer":[4],"to":[5,13,95,139,181,223],"a":[6,33,68,107,141],"series":[7],"of":[8,21,70,165,175,212,235],"illegal":[9],"activities,":[10],"posing":[11],"threats":[12],"people\u2019s":[14],"privacy":[15],"and":[16,43,51,121,170,201],"property.":[17],"Therefore,":[18],"the":[19,54,96,100,146,155,163,176,186,198,209,216,236],"problem":[20],"detecting":[22],"malicious":[23,34,72,86,89,109,192,218,225],"has":[26,240],"aroused":[27],"widespread":[28],"concerns.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"study,":[32],"detection":[37,238],"algorithm":[38],"based":[39,90,124,207,228],"on":[40,91,99,125,208,229,245],"lexical":[41,119],"analysis":[42],"feature":[44,120],"quantification":[45],"is":[46,81,122,158,195,205,221],"proposed.":[47],"To":[48],"achieve":[49],"efficient":[50],"accurate":[52],"detection,":[53],"method":[55,148,200,239],"includes":[56],"two":[57],"phases.":[58],"The":[59,77,102,129,172,233],"first":[60],"phase":[61,104],"checks":[62],"an":[63,126],"observed":[64,78],"name":[66,80,111,153,194,220],"against":[67],"blacklist":[69],"known":[71],"uniform":[73],"resource":[74],"locator":[75],"(URLs).":[76],"classified":[82],"as":[83],"being":[84],"definitely":[85],"or":[87,226],"potentially":[88],"its":[92,113,118,202,213,230],"edit":[93],"distances":[94],"blacklist.":[101],"second":[103],"further":[105],"evaluates":[106],"potential":[108,191,217],"by":[112,197,243],"reputation":[114,203,231],"value":[115,204],"that":[116],"represents":[117],"calculated":[123,179,206],"N-gram":[127,147,199],"model.":[128],"top":[130],"100,000":[131],"normal":[132,227],"in":[135,149,185],"Alexa":[136],"are":[137,178],"used":[138],"obtain":[140],"whitelist":[142,187],"substring":[143,188],"set":[144],"using":[145],"which":[150],"each":[151],"excluding":[154],"top-level":[156],"segmented":[159,196],"into":[160],"substrings":[161,177],"with":[162],"length":[164],"3,":[166],"4,":[167],"5,":[168],"6":[169],"7.":[171],"weighted":[173,210],"values":[174,211],"according":[180],"their":[182],"occurrence":[183],"counts":[184],"set.":[189],"A":[190],"substrings.":[214],"Finally,":[215],"determined":[222],"be":[224],"value.":[232],"effectiveness":[234],"proposed":[237],"been":[241],"demonstrated":[242],"experiments":[244],"public":[246],"available":[247],"data.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
