{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971475359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2939161","title":"An Approximate Quadratic Programming for Efficient Bellman Equation Solution","display_name":"An Approximate Quadratic Programming for Efficient Bellman Equation Solution","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971475359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2939161","mag":"2971475359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2939161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2939161","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822946.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822946.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015886605","display_name":"Jianmei Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-6835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianmei Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-6835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101984697","display_name":"Hong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-2587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033106028","display_name":"Hongliang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-3090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007231606","display_name":"Rui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-5042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017639281","display_name":"Zhinan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-4920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhinan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13895984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"126077","last_page":"126087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6524529457092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6491634249687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellman-equation","display_name":"Bellman equation","score":0.645214855670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6251487135887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6006688475608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.5873318314552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4474294185638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.410847008228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3237435221672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3044375777244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19267120957374573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6524529457092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6491634249687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.645214855670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6251487135887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6006688475608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.5873318314552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4474294185638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.410847008228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3237435221672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3044375777244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19267120957374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2939161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2939161","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822946.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3afa56b81ecc4e588fa5b1d16124498b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3afa56b81ecc4e588fa5b1d16124498b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 126077-126087 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2939161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2939161","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822946.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1694274266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0102603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323292","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323826","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328111","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971475359.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971475359.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W565784466","https://openalex.org/W1570765209","https://openalex.org/W1916337001","https://openalex.org/W1984901446","https://openalex.org/W2000029621","https://openalex.org/W2011090143","https://openalex.org/W2011691646","https://openalex.org/W2013501221","https://openalex.org/W2026365342","https://openalex.org/W2027038333","https://openalex.org/W2035003264","https://openalex.org/W2040766536","https://openalex.org/W2084925445","https://openalex.org/W2093559122","https://openalex.org/W2094330106","https://openalex.org/W2102847620","https://openalex.org/W2102903132","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2128203754","https://openalex.org/W2128301932","https://openalex.org/W2141695047","https://openalex.org/W2143867639","https://openalex.org/W2158479468","https://openalex.org/W2166116275","https://openalex.org/W2167038379","https://openalex.org/W2167519341","https://openalex.org/W2170233819","https://openalex.org/W2170400507","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2222696761","https://openalex.org/W2270588982","https://openalex.org/W2316927641","https://openalex.org/W2343286188","https://openalex.org/W2550766755","https://openalex.org/W2559767995","https://openalex.org/W2584817982","https://openalex.org/W2586160710","https://openalex.org/W2593382986","https://openalex.org/W2605818517","https://openalex.org/W2607814695","https://openalex.org/W2619443339","https://openalex.org/W2765400146","https://openalex.org/W2903903806","https://openalex.org/W2909648661","https://openalex.org/W2916471281","https://openalex.org/W2919469173","https://openalex.org/W3104041327","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4254106911","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6678860216","https://openalex.org/W6681282644","https://openalex.org/W6684546889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W2386410636","https://openalex.org/W3038962357","https://openalex.org/W2025663273","https://openalex.org/W3099153698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"efficient":[4],"algorithm":[5,40,77,99],"which":[6],"relies":[7],"on":[8,53,67],"quadratic":[9],"programming":[10],"for":[11],"approximately":[12],"solving":[13],"the":[14,38,45,54,59,62,75,84,89,95,98],"Bellman":[15,63],"equation":[16],"in":[17,41],"reinforcement":[18,70],"learning":[19,71],"problem":[20],"and":[21,33,93],"guarantees":[22,58],"to":[23],"return":[24],"optimal":[25],"decision":[26],"parameters.":[27],"Through":[28],"further":[29],"applying":[30],"universal":[31],"approximation":[32],"fixed":[34],"cardinality":[35],"minimization":[36],"techniques,":[37],"proposed":[39,76],"one":[42],"hand":[43],"expands":[44],"representation":[46],"ability":[47],"of":[48,61,97],"basic":[49],"linear":[50],"value":[51],"functions,":[52],"other":[55],"hand,":[56],"it":[57],"convergence":[60],"error.":[64],"Experimental":[65],"results":[66],"two":[68],"canonical":[69],"scenarios":[72],"demonstrate":[73],"that":[74],"achieves":[78],"similar":[79],"or":[80],"better":[81],"performance":[82],"than":[83],"state-of-the-art":[85],"algorithms,":[86],"while":[87],"reduces":[88],"computation":[90],"time":[91],"significantly":[92],"improves":[94],"robustness":[96],"against":[100],"state":[101],"uncertainty.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}