{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972006335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2938785","title":"A Blind Despreading and Demodulation Method for QPSK-DSSS Signal With Unknown Carrier Offset Based on Matrix Subspace Analysis","display_name":"A Blind Despreading and Demodulation Method for QPSK-DSSS Signal With Unknown Carrier Offset Based on Matrix Subspace Analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972006335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2938785","mag":"2972006335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2938785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2938785","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822425.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822425.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073106969","display_name":"Zhaoyang Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-2618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009162241","display_name":"Hua Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-3535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055228756","display_name":"Tianyun Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0019,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76504961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"125700","last_page":"125710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-sequence-spread-spectrum","display_name":"Direct-sequence spread spectrum","score":0.8450601100921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.6318956017494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.6092633008956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.592078447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.5838152170181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.574053168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.5561670064926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.48085007071495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.45013466477394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4480394721031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.41576334834098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34197425842285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31546592712402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.27502113580703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.2608996629714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19116631150245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.18690314888954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.17157718539237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08106955885887146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194491627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334354","display_name":"Direct-sequence spread spectrum","level":4,"score":0.8450601100921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.6318956017494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.6092633008956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.592078447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.5838152170181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.574053168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.5561670064926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.48085007071495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.45013466477394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4480394721031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.41576334834098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34197425842285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31546592712402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.27502113580703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.2608996629714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19116631150245667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.18690314888954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.17157718539237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08106955885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2938785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2938785","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822425.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1461bd7decd94369a5c439d4b114fb86","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1461bd7decd94369a5c439d4b114fb86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 125700-125710 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2938785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2938785","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822425.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5861432917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7046072648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972006335.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972006335.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591205089","https://openalex.org/W1999847665","https://openalex.org/W2003340234","https://openalex.org/W2013064265","https://openalex.org/W2016021648","https://openalex.org/W2041449502","https://openalex.org/W2081445251","https://openalex.org/W2113391326","https://openalex.org/W2114308522","https://openalex.org/W2116731593","https://openalex.org/W2131702354","https://openalex.org/W2148251456","https://openalex.org/W2155137969","https://openalex.org/W2155324229","https://openalex.org/W2164233625","https://openalex.org/W2318385869","https://openalex.org/W2357573420","https://openalex.org/W2369760290","https://openalex.org/W2393834863","https://openalex.org/W2792937332","https://openalex.org/W2893286076","https://openalex.org/W2922194353","https://openalex.org/W2928187441","https://openalex.org/W4297781263","https://openalex.org/W6653557130","https://openalex.org/W6843364918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011486145","https://openalex.org/W1009673011","https://openalex.org/W2026416740","https://openalex.org/W2083451322","https://openalex.org/W4246433483","https://openalex.org/W4230205216","https://openalex.org/W4224302876","https://openalex.org/W207143136","https://openalex.org/W2304504342","https://openalex.org/W2115249332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Direct":[0],"sequence":[1,21,91],"spread":[2],"spectrum":[3],"(DSSS)":[4],"signals":[5,63,124],"are":[6,75,98],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,69],"various":[10],"military":[11],"and":[12,32,47,81,85,119,156,173],"civilian":[13],"communication":[14],"systems.":[15],"It":[16],"adopts":[17],"the":[18,50,89,116,144,151,159,176],"pseudorandom":[19],"(PN)":[20],"to":[22,29,40,49,87,100,114,169,179],"modulate":[23],"baseband":[24],"signal":[25,39],"before":[26],"transmission,":[27],"leading":[28],"some":[30],"unique":[31],"useful":[33],"properties":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"lower":[37],"working":[38],"noise":[41],"ratio":[42],"(SNR),":[43],"strong":[44],"anti-jamming":[45],"capability,":[46],"robustness":[48],"effect":[51],"of":[52,96,139,147,161,189],"multi-path":[53],"fading.":[54],"In":[55],"past":[56],"few":[57],"years,":[58],"blind":[59,171],"despreading":[60,172],"for":[61,122],"DSSS":[62],"has":[64],"been":[65],"a":[66,107,165],"hot":[67],"topic":[68],"cognitive":[70],"radio":[71],"field.":[72],"Previous":[73],"works":[74],"mostly":[76],"concentrated":[77],"on":[78,110],"BPSK-DSSS":[79],"signals,":[80],"have":[82],"developed":[83],"theories":[84],"methods":[86],"estimate":[88],"PN":[90,117],"effectively.":[92],"But":[93],"unfortunately,":[94],"most":[95],"them":[97],"powerless":[99],"process":[101],"QPSK-DSSS":[102,123],"signals.":[103],"This":[104],"work":[105],"proposes":[106],"method":[108],"based":[109],"matrix":[111,154],"subspace":[112,138],"analysis":[113],"recover":[115,134],"sequences":[118,136],"transmitted":[120],"symbols":[121],"with":[125],"unknown":[126],"carrier":[127,162],"offset":[128],"under":[129],"non-cooperative":[130],"reception":[131],"occasion.":[132],"To":[133],"spreading":[135],"from":[137,175],"self-covariance":[140],"matrix,":[141],"we":[142],"derive":[143],"theoretical":[145],"expressions":[146],"eigenvector":[148],"by":[149],"studying":[150],"complex":[152],"hermit":[153],"decomposition":[155],"then":[157],"investigate":[158],"influence":[160],"residual.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"structure":[166],"is":[167],"designed":[168],"complete":[170],"demodulation":[174],"received":[177],"waveform":[178],"bit":[180],"stream.":[181],"Simulation":[182],"verifies":[183],"pretty":[184],"good":[185],"bit-error-rate":[186],"(BER)":[187],"performance":[188],"proposed":[190],"algorithm.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
