{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970652583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937317","title":"A Contactless Measuring Speed System of Belt Conveyor Based on Optical Flow Techniques","display_name":"A Contactless Measuring Speed System of Belt Conveyor Based on Optical Flow Techniques","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970652583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937317","mag":"2970652583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2937317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937317","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08812658.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08812658.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101726786","display_name":"Yuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-6922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-6922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009831129","display_name":"Tiezhu Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7165-2207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiezhu Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454588","display_name":"Haitao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3253-9727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101600734","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4973-0464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101980505","display_name":"Xiaoyan Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0010-8893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2947,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78185313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"121646","last_page":"121654"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13341","display_name":"Belt Conveyor Systems Engineering","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13341","display_name":"Belt Conveyor Systems Engineering","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13715","display_name":"Power Line Inspection Robots","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conveyor-belt","display_name":"Conveyor belt","score":0.8188733458518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6969699859619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.6944000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.6672441959381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6611789464950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.534363865852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5272613763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4874034523963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4606703519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.45749056339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.368375301361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1798635721206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13468632102012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09068718552589417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777709985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770135","display_name":"Conveyor belt","level":2,"score":0.8188733458518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6969699859619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6944000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.6672441959381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6611789464950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.534363865852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5272613763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4874034523963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4606703519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.45749056339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.368375301361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1798635721206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13468632102012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09068718552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2937317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937317","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08812658.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbbd0af23f9a42f491b47f9cd77069ab","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbbd0af23f9a42f491b47f9cd77069ab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 121646-121654 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2937317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937317","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08812658.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2646235754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201801D121180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5729996548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1810121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970652583.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970652583.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022879247","https://openalex.org/W2075520118","https://openalex.org/W2079361006","https://openalex.org/W2080303882","https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W2109200236","https://openalex.org/W2112020727","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2139041915","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2232342084","https://openalex.org/W2290425086","https://openalex.org/W2418967315","https://openalex.org/W2465768020","https://openalex.org/W2471766580","https://openalex.org/W2550313078","https://openalex.org/W2567232677","https://openalex.org/W2586934430","https://openalex.org/W2594850557","https://openalex.org/W2613338636","https://openalex.org/W2733639047","https://openalex.org/W2751648877","https://openalex.org/W2753721846","https://openalex.org/W2756393463","https://openalex.org/W2782538328","https://openalex.org/W2921190331","https://openalex.org/W3045323112","https://openalex.org/W3109760438","https://openalex.org/W6677548441","https://openalex.org/W6781249971","https://openalex.org/W6786438639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386083130","https://openalex.org/W2117442182","https://openalex.org/W3111737715","https://openalex.org/W3163700255","https://openalex.org/W3118256330","https://openalex.org/W2887725667","https://openalex.org/W2377661076","https://openalex.org/W3168864879","https://openalex.org/W2156925453","https://openalex.org/W2366743434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"mining":[1],"operation,":[2],"measuring":[3,27,186,198],"the":[4,22,31,43,76,89,94,113,117,122,138,152,164,181,197],"speed":[5,28,68,187],"of":[6,46,69,78,88,116,125,156,172,207,212],"a":[7,108,133],"belt":[8,47,70,79,118],"conveyor":[9,71,119],"is":[10,21,59,96,137,189],"important":[11],"for":[12,25],"safe":[13],"and":[14,39,128,150,210],"efficient":[15],"production.":[16],"The":[17,142,184],"contact":[18,32],"measurement":[19,52],"system":[20,53,188],"mainstream":[23],"choice":[24],"existing":[26],"systems,":[29],"but":[30],"method":[33],"cannot":[34],"avoid":[35],"some":[36],"potential":[37],"problems":[38],"hidden":[40],"dangers":[41],"in":[42,61,72,112,132],"running":[44,67,182],"process":[45],"conveyor.":[48],"A":[49],"novel":[50],"contactless":[51,185],"based":[54],"on":[55],"optical":[56,153,173],"flow":[57,154,174],"techniques":[58],"designed":[60],"this":[62],"study,":[63],"which":[64,136],"can":[65,82,129,167,200],"calculate":[66,180],"real":[73],"time.":[74],"During":[75],"operation":[77],"conveyor,":[80],"it":[81],"be":[83,130,168,201],"found":[84],"that":[85,196],"most":[86],"regions":[87,106],"images":[90,178],"are":[91],"similar":[92,104],"when":[93],"camera":[95],"set":[97],"to":[98,121,179],"high-speed":[99],"continuous":[100],"shooting":[101],"mode.":[102],"These":[103],"image":[105,139,147,157],"have":[107],"certain":[109],"displacement":[110,161,165],"change":[111,166],"moving":[114],"direction":[115],"due":[120],"time":[123],"difference":[124],"its":[126],"shooting,":[127],"described":[131],"simplified":[134],"way":[135],"feature":[140,148,158],"keypoint.":[141],"machine":[143],"vision":[144],"algorithm":[145],"extracts":[146],"keypoints":[149],"acquires":[151],"information":[155,162,175],"keypoints.":[159],"Motion":[160],"including":[163],"extracted":[169],"by":[170,191,203],"analyzing":[171],"about":[176],"captured":[177],"speed.":[183],"verified":[190],"experiments.":[192],"Experimental":[193],"results":[194],"show":[195],"accuracy":[199],"presented":[202],"indicators":[204],"with":[205],"RMSE":[206],"0.042":[208],"m/s":[209],"MAE":[211],"0.029":[213],"m/s.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}