{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970871825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937178","title":"Automatic Student Modelling for Detection of Learning Styles and Affective States in Web Based Learning Management Systems","display_name":"Automatic Student Modelling for Detection of Learning Styles and Affective States in Web Based Learning Management Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970871825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937178","mag":"2970871825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2937178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937178","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08812729.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08812729.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102781974","display_name":"Farman Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-3016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farman Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-3016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064818577","display_name":"Awais Akbar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awais Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050188183","display_name":"Muhammad Altaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2010-3907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Altaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022848882","display_name":"Shujaat Ali Khan Tanoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-6321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujaat Ali Khan Tanoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077863085","display_name":"Ayaz Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-6004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91350869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"128242","last_page":"128262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-styles","display_name":"Learning styles","score":0.810746431350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6967804431915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5661073327064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5217743515968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-computing","display_name":"Affective computing","score":0.4547594487667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4330565929412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30059099197387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.23920667171478271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820370","display_name":"Learning styles","level":2,"score":0.810746431350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6967804431915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5661073327064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5217743515968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.4547594487667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4330565929412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30059099197387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.23920667171478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2937178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937178","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08812729.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a71c85ced7824e2d8f144a0e5a8ccdc4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a71c85ced7824e2d8f144a0e5a8ccdc4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 128242-128262 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30175423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20580801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Automatic_student_modelling_for_detection_of_learning_styles_and_affective_states_in_web_based_learning_management_systems/20580801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2937178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937178","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08812729.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311330","display_name":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970871825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970871825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75995403","https://openalex.org/W94203212","https://openalex.org/W137024571","https://openalex.org/W186318696","https://openalex.org/W1487907352","https://openalex.org/W1493393109","https://openalex.org/W1531813807","https://openalex.org/W1535430927","https://openalex.org/W1547000070","https://openalex.org/W1553333721","https://openalex.org/W1556225522","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1571287999","https://openalex.org/W1596290048","https://openalex.org/W1817561967","https://openalex.org/W1873332500","https://openalex.org/W1951445929","https://openalex.org/W1971110798","https://openalex.org/W1978391587","https://openalex.org/W1979519475","https://openalex.org/W1983205071","https://openalex.org/W1987320642","https://openalex.org/W1993708070","https://openalex.org/W1999069442","https://openalex.org/W2008906462","https://openalex.org/W2019886670","https://openalex.org/W2021071494","https://openalex.org/W2051060468","https://openalex.org/W2053019566","https://openalex.org/W2072035149","https://openalex.org/W2074545285","https://openalex.org/W2080911646","https://openalex.org/W2089850681","https://openalex.org/W2094756766","https://openalex.org/W2106760415","https://openalex.org/W2109901510","https://openalex.org/W2115638071","https://openalex.org/W2117249214","https://openalex.org/W2124399593","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2127941671","https://openalex.org/W2134513264","https://openalex.org/W2139236490","https://openalex.org/W2142509841","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2166661443","https://openalex.org/W2237683238","https://openalex.org/W2263221016","https://openalex.org/W2289319258","https://openalex.org/W2338653773","https://openalex.org/W2466559819","https://openalex.org/W2481867162","https://openalex.org/W2535763678","https://openalex.org/W2770084557","https://openalex.org/W3170775390","https://openalex.org/W3214923421","https://openalex.org/W4230953517","https://openalex.org/W4236354166","https://openalex.org/W4238297990","https://openalex.org/W4250960030","https://openalex.org/W4251456976","https://openalex.org/W6603850898","https://openalex.org/W6607566669","https://openalex.org/W6629498884","https://openalex.org/W6632778866","https://openalex.org/W6639175750","https://openalex.org/W6646326627","https://openalex.org/W6677127000","https://openalex.org/W6678809933","https://openalex.org/W6679155801","https://openalex.org/W6680846583","https://openalex.org/W6696560628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"traditional":[1],"learning":[2,21,33,42,53,60,72,103,132,142,172,191,217],"environments,":[3],"it":[4,122],"is":[5,62,77,120,123,184],"easy":[6],"for":[7,39,68,99,187,213],"a":[8,147,157,200],"teacher":[9,28],"to":[10],"get":[11],"an":[12,96],"accurate":[13],"and":[14,22,35,44,55,105,134,144,174,193,206,219],"deep":[15],"understanding":[16,29],"about":[17,30],"how":[18],"students":[19,131],"are":[20,137],"undertaking":[23],"tasks.":[24],"This":[25,93],"results":[26,163],"in":[27,58,87,108,125],"each":[31],"student\u2019s":[32],"preferences":[34,143],"behavior,":[36],"which":[37,178],"exhibits,":[38],"instance,":[40],"students\u2019":[41],"styles":[43,54,73,104,133,173,192,218],"affective":[45,56,82,106,135,175,194,220],"states.":[46,195],"On":[47],"the":[48,69,88,100,130,165,171,181,188,211,214],"other":[49],"hand,":[50],"identification":[51,70,84,101,189,215],"of":[52,71,102,117,150,164,190,216,222],"states":[57,83,107,136,176,221],"web-based":[59,109],"environments":[61],"quite":[63],"challenging.":[64],"The":[65,114,162],"existing":[66],"approaches":[67,85],"such":[74],"as":[75],"questionnaire":[76],"not":[78],"without":[79],"limitations.":[80],"Similarly,":[81],"mentioned":[86],"literature":[89],"indicate":[90],"several":[91],"shortcomings.":[92],"paper":[94],"proposes":[95],"automatic":[97],"approach":[98,119,152,183],"Learning":[110],"Management":[111],"Systems":[112],"(LMSs).":[113],"unique":[115],"feature":[116],"this":[118,128,151,198],"that":[121,180],"generic":[124],"nature.":[126],"Using":[127],"approach,":[129,199],"calculated":[138],"automatically":[139],"from":[140],"their":[141,223],"behavior":[145],"within":[146],"course.":[148],"Evaluation":[149],"was":[153],"performed":[154],"by":[155,210],"following":[156],"study":[158,166],"with":[159,170],"81":[160],"students.":[161,224],"were":[167],"then":[168],"compared":[169],"questionnaires,":[177],"demonstrate":[179],"suggested":[182],"more":[185],"appropriate":[186],"Therefore,":[196],"using":[197],"tool":[201],"(AsLim)":[202],"has":[203],"been":[204],"developed":[205],"can":[207],"be":[208],"used":[209],"teachers":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}