{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969872311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936976","title":"Facial Expression Recognition Based on Fusion Features of Center-Symmetric Local Signal Magnitude Pattern","display_name":"Facial Expression Recognition Based on Fusion Features of Center-Symmetric Local Signal Magnitude Pattern","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969872311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936976","mag":"2969872311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936976","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08809766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08809766.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091586702","display_name":"Min Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-0240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026987222","display_name":"Chunjian Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunjian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101664955","display_name":"Yaqin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-3986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066988252","display_name":"Xiaohua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1751-2291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115603784","display_name":"Lei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-4652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071943346","display_name":"Fuji Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-9184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuji Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing and Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091586702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89364486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"118435","last_page":"118445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnitude","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","score":0.7369036674499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.723055362701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7229118943214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7077338099479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5833238959312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5562164187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5395417213439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.48067840933799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.46812406182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44234782457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3351576626300812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15348634123802185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7369036674499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.723055362701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7229118943214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7077338099479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5833238959312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5562164187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5395417213439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.48067840933799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.46812406182289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44234782457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3351576626300812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15348634123802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936976","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08809766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:00906:0006781163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tokushima-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2009250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09865725302b478b92bfa25c6ae47182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09865725302b478b92bfa25c6ae47182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 118435-118445 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936976","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08809766.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1175817618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2273800250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2967712917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2981938667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Shenzhen","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5280489496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1613217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5953342638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1613217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7276332175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"190101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8392624521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ACAIM190101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969872311.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969872311.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1118201100","https://openalex.org/W1119298599","https://openalex.org/W1607985379","https://openalex.org/W1655469623","https://openalex.org/W1660043113","https://openalex.org/W1983783260","https://openalex.org/W1985636418","https://openalex.org/W1986896819","https://openalex.org/W1996958556","https://openalex.org/W2027320904","https://openalex.org/W2084831455","https://openalex.org/W2087200799","https://openalex.org/W2094654793","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2117072267","https://openalex.org/W2129106196","https://openalex.org/W2131273085","https://openalex.org/W2138245406","https://openalex.org/W2147141800","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2165183780","https://openalex.org/W2244142460","https://openalex.org/W2269831230","https://openalex.org/W2471678645","https://openalex.org/W2479639417","https://openalex.org/W2569698037","https://openalex.org/W2588937022","https://openalex.org/W2613109056","https://openalex.org/W2613956936","https://openalex.org/W2734496894","https://openalex.org/W2752271443","https://openalex.org/W2767097933","https://openalex.org/W2767635982","https://openalex.org/W2786817911","https://openalex.org/W2790181963","https://openalex.org/W2790342539","https://openalex.org/W2805745080","https://openalex.org/W2904419612","https://openalex.org/W2913246999","https://openalex.org/W2918100922","https://openalex.org/W2931011950","https://openalex.org/W2955470954","https://openalex.org/W2962711746","https://openalex.org/W4403242122","https://openalex.org/W6737954642","https://openalex.org/W6750843368","https://openalex.org/W6765449061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376418092","https://openalex.org/W2072983018","https://openalex.org/W1016952678","https://openalex.org/W2257644995","https://openalex.org/W1513444457","https://openalex.org/W4311345787","https://openalex.org/W2188141918","https://openalex.org/W3185336960","https://openalex.org/W2042652790","https://openalex.org/W2132337154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Local":[0,20],"feature":[1,59,129,143],"descriptors":[2],"play":[3],"a":[4,16],"fundamental":[5],"and":[6,39,62,95,110,140,163,176],"important":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,63],"facial":[10,33,96,165],"expression":[11,166],"recognition.":[12],"This":[13,124],"paper":[14,73,125],"presents":[15],"new":[17],"descriptor,":[18],"Center-Symmetric":[19],"Signal":[21],"Magnitude":[22,82,87,117],"Pattern":[23],"(CS-LSMP),":[24],"which":[25,106],"is":[26],"used":[27],"for":[28,100],"extracting":[29],"texture":[30],"features":[31,79],"from":[32,80],"images.":[34],"CS-LSMP":[35,75],"operator":[36,76],"takes":[37],"signal":[38],"magnitude":[40,142],"information":[41],"of":[42,57,69],"local":[43,133],"regions":[44],"into":[45,135],"account":[46],"compared":[47],"to":[48,54,65,77,154],"conventional":[49],"LBP-based":[50],"operators.":[51],"Additionally,":[52],"due":[53],"the":[55,156,161,170],"limitation":[56],"single":[58],"extraction":[60],"method":[61],"order":[64],"make":[66],"full":[67],"advantages":[68],"different":[70],"features,":[71],"this":[72],"employs":[74],"extract":[78],"Orientational":[81,116],"Feature":[83,88,92,118,148],"Maps":[84,89,93,119,149],"(OMFMs),":[85],"Positive-and-Negative":[86],"(PNMFMs),":[90],"Gabor":[91,147],"(GFMs)":[94,150],"patches":[97],"(eyebrows-eyes,":[98],"mouths)":[99],"obtaining":[101],"fused":[102],"features.":[103],"Unlike":[104],"HOG,":[105],"only":[107],"retains":[108],"horizontal":[109],"vertical":[111],"magnitudes,":[112],"our":[113],"work":[114],"generates":[115],"(OMFMs)":[120],"by":[121,131],"expanding":[122],"multi-orientations.":[123],"build":[126],"two":[127,136],"distinct":[128],"maps":[130],"dividing":[132],"magnitudes":[134],"groups,":[137],"i.e.,":[138],"positive":[139],"negative":[141],"maps.":[144],"The":[145],"generated":[146],"are":[151],"also":[152],"grouped":[153],"reduce":[155],"computational":[157],"complexity.":[158],"Experiments":[159],"on":[160],"JAFFE":[162],"CK+":[164],"datasets":[167],"showed":[168],"that":[169],"proposed":[171],"framework":[172],"achieved":[173],"significant":[174],"improvement":[175],"outperformed":[177],"some":[178],"state-of-the-art":[179],"methods.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
