{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969771669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936554","title":"Crack Monitoring for Hot-Spot Areas Under Time-Varying Load Condition Based on FCM Clustering Algorithm","display_name":"Crack Monitoring for Hot-Spot Areas Under Time-Varying Load Condition Based on FCM Clustering Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969771669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936554","mag":"2969771669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08808873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08808873.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429008","display_name":"Hu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-3552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-3552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031450758","display_name":"Junyan Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-1701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009070599","display_name":"Xu Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-5734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069332742","display_name":"Yishou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8043-843X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yishou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057598786","display_name":"Xinlin Qing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1189-3046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlin Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0058,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76578811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"118850","last_page":"118856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bhattacharyya-distance","display_name":"Bhattacharyya distance","score":0.7702258825302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.7056226134300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6903721690177917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-spot","display_name":"Hot spot (computer programming)","score":0.6841834783554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6269112229347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5749432444572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5316026210784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5287551283836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.5181302428245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4743826687335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.41776084899902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3910820484161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33487701416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29124146699905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09762990474700928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24145651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2901249","display_name":"Bhattacharyya distance","level":2,"score":0.7702258825302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.7056226134300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6903721690177917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199672914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4241353","display_name":"Hot spot (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6841834783554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6269112229347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5749432444572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5316026210784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5287551283836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5181302428245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4743826687335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.41776084899902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3910820484161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33487701416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29124146699905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09762990474700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08808873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f72cfa4c7744c509135da971624663f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f72cfa4c7744c509135da971624663f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 118850-118856 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936554","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08808873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5190043386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018J05094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5193103589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11902280","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7692457760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11972314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969771669.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969771669.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990334270","https://openalex.org/W2000954165","https://openalex.org/W2074965193","https://openalex.org/W2130260920","https://openalex.org/W2139063094","https://openalex.org/W2141553164","https://openalex.org/W2277929184","https://openalex.org/W2480792469","https://openalex.org/W2492944533","https://openalex.org/W2516797325","https://openalex.org/W2610466537","https://openalex.org/W2789473730","https://openalex.org/W2806899661","https://openalex.org/W2884480871","https://openalex.org/W2908435690","https://openalex.org/W2914316664","https://openalex.org/W2917480656","https://openalex.org/W2939449392","https://openalex.org/W2944435141","https://openalex.org/W2944890334","https://openalex.org/W3148595793","https://openalex.org/W4256225082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036954444","https://openalex.org/W2790820734","https://openalex.org/W2025773142","https://openalex.org/W2354997845","https://openalex.org/W2507191398","https://openalex.org/W139051966","https://openalex.org/W2138467869","https://openalex.org/W2129090883","https://openalex.org/W2587925928","https://openalex.org/W4234495250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crack":[0],"monitoring":[1],"for":[2,16],"damage-prone":[3],"structural":[4,18],"area,":[5],"named":[6],"hot-spot,":[7],"is":[8,72,108,114],"one":[9],"of":[10,68],"the":[11,36,51,56,62,69,86,95,111],"most":[12],"interesting":[13],"concerned":[14],"technologies":[15],"aircraft":[17],"health":[19],"monitoring.":[20],"This":[21],"paper":[22],"proposes":[23],"an":[24],"efficient":[25],"technique":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28],"Fuzzy":[29],"c-means":[30],"(FCM)":[31],"clustering":[32],"algorithm":[33,98],"to":[34,54],"monitor":[35],"crack":[37,112,125],"growth":[38],"under":[39],"time-varying":[40],"load":[41],"condition.":[42],"The":[43],"proposed":[44,96],"method":[45],"first":[46],"extracts":[47],"damage":[48],"indexes":[49],"from":[50],"collected":[52],"signals":[53],"construct":[55],"baseline":[57],"model":[58,71,89],"as":[59,61,124],"well":[60],"online":[63,70],"FCM":[64,97],"model.":[65],"Migration":[66],"index":[67,106],"calculated":[73],"by":[74],"Kullback-Liebler":[75],"Divergence":[76],"(KLD)":[77],"and":[78,103],"Bhattacharyya":[79],"Distance":[80],"(BD),":[81],"respectively.":[82],"By":[83],"comparing":[84],"with":[85],"Gaussian":[87],"mixture":[88],"(GMM),":[90],"experimental":[91],"results":[92],"show":[93],"that":[94],"has":[99],"less":[100],"computation":[101],"time":[102],"its":[104],"migration":[105],"curve":[107],"smoother":[109],"when":[110],"size":[113],"small.":[115],"Furthermore,":[116],"KLD":[117],"achieves":[118],"a":[119],"higher":[120],"sensitivity":[121],"than":[122],"BD":[123],"grows.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
