{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969314380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936228","title":"Wind Turbine Planetary Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on Self-Powered Wireless Sensor and Deep Learning Approach","display_name":"Wind Turbine Planetary Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on Self-Powered Wireless Sensor and Deep Learning Approach","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969314380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936228","mag":"2969314380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936228","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08805363.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08805363.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045874973","display_name":"L\u00fc Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-6237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019510221","display_name":"Yigang He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yigang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100622691","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-399X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-399X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070917660","display_name":"Tiancheng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiancheng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-4364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101545013","display_name":"Yi Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-8643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-8643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045874973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.7062,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93557195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"119430","last_page":"119442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12252","display_name":"Mechanical stress and fatigue analysis","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.7066569924354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5524463057518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-belief-network","display_name":"Deep belief network","score":0.5332531332969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47899290919303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.47403669357299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.47372499108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.4717691242694855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4485552906990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44449129700660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4168179929256439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4114757180213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34268540143966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28338342905044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.22970625758171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.18294423818588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10985633730888367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7066569924354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5524463057518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.5332531332969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47899290919303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.47403669357299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.47372499108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.4717691242694855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4485552906990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44449129700660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4168179929256439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4114757180213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34268540143966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28338342905044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.22970625758171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.18294423818588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10985633730888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936228","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08805363.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d70d9ec944364bfaa07b406a20c6e1cf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d70d9ec944364bfaa07b406a20c6e1cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 119430-119442 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2936228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936228","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08805363.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1396908399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51637004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5851346405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFF0102200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6496176865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51577046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8144085396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41402040301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969314380.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969314380.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100524741","https://openalex.org/W1563447787","https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1605077306","https://openalex.org/W1952770714","https://openalex.org/W1983314864","https://openalex.org/W2013548240","https://openalex.org/W2015969773","https://openalex.org/W2033708313","https://openalex.org/W2042703146","https://openalex.org/W2050776185","https://openalex.org/W2059294918","https://openalex.org/W2060304859","https://openalex.org/W2076863095","https://openalex.org/W2137243960","https://openalex.org/W2147335249","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2163984882","https://openalex.org/W2167187517","https://openalex.org/W2170981964","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2315213926","https://openalex.org/W2339523384","https://openalex.org/W2471080557","https://openalex.org/W2513528654","https://openalex.org/W2515651075","https://openalex.org/W2539963738","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2555798959","https://openalex.org/W2560195950","https://openalex.org/W2582403831","https://openalex.org/W2743874827","https://openalex.org/W2799162308","https://openalex.org/W2807530502","https://openalex.org/W2896412072","https://openalex.org/W2913941036","https://openalex.org/W2945100684","https://openalex.org/W2955016173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W3214712242","https://openalex.org/W2542556245","https://openalex.org/W3204461065","https://openalex.org/W1965417009","https://openalex.org/W2018320994","https://openalex.org/W2460685830","https://openalex.org/W2738547440","https://openalex.org/W3033558281","https://openalex.org/W2741863531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,19],"this":[1,107,249,253],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,142],"novel":[4],"and":[5,126,197,232],"more":[6,52,101,127],"effective":[7],"fault":[8,70,78,83,93,98,132,173,260],"diagnosis":[9,174,261],"approach":[10],"for":[11,172],"wind":[12,35,263],"turbine":[13,36,264],"planetary":[14],"gearbox":[15],"(PGB)":[16],"is":[17,72,121],"proposed.":[18],"order":[20],"to":[21,46,56,74,103,123,147],"better":[22],"detect":[23],"the":[24,27,31,34,38,48,59,63,76,82,88,92,96,148,162,177,180,207,214,223,226,233,259],"faults":[25,32,49],"in":[26,106,186,248],"early":[28,77,97],"stage":[29],"of":[30,33,62,95,130,152,217,225,235,262],"PGB,":[37],"corresponding":[39],"maintenance":[40],"measures":[41],"can":[42,140,211,220,229,242],"be":[43,212,221,230,243],"carried":[44],"out":[45],"prevent":[47],"from":[50],"becoming":[51],"serious,":[53],"so":[54],"as":[55],"seriously":[57,86],"affect":[58],"normal":[60,89,208],"operation":[61],"fan":[64,153],"gearbox.":[65,154],"The":[66,245],"gear":[67],"with":[68,81,203],"lighter":[69],"degree":[71],"used":[73,122],"simulate":[75],"signal.":[79,133],"Compared":[80],"which":[84],"has":[85,255],"affected":[87],"working":[90,150],"condition,":[91],"characteristics":[94],"signal":[99,151],"are":[100,159,189],"difficult":[102],"detect.":[104],"So":[105],"design,":[108],"deep":[109],"belief":[110],"network":[111],"(DBN)":[112],"optimized":[113,169],"by":[114,136,170,239],"quantum":[115],"particle":[116],"swarm":[117],"optimization":[118,135],"(QPSO)":[119],"algorithm":[120],"extract":[124],"deeper":[125],"identifiable":[128],"features":[129,158],"slight":[131],"After":[134],"QPSO":[137,171],"algorithm,":[138],"DBN":[139],"get":[141],"most":[143],"suitable":[144],"structure":[145],"according":[146],"actual":[149],"Then":[155],"these":[156],"extracted":[157],"input":[160],"into":[161],"least":[163],"squares":[164],"support":[165],"vector":[166],"machine":[167],"(LSSVM)":[168],"test.":[175],"At":[176],"same":[178],"time,":[179],"wireless":[181],"sensor":[182],"nodes":[183],"using":[184,192],"self-energy":[185],"vibration":[187],"state":[188,210],"optimized.":[190],"By":[191],"microcontroller":[193],"unit":[194],"(MCU)":[195],"MSP430F149":[196],"nRF24L01":[198],"radio":[199],"frequency":[200],"(RF)":[201],"chip":[202],"lower":[204],"energy":[205,236],"consumption,":[206],"dormant":[209],"maintained,":[213],"power":[215],"requirement":[216],"transmission":[218],"mode":[219],"met,":[222],"stability":[224],"whole":[227],"node":[228],"improved,":[231],"phenomenon":[234],"shortage":[237],"caused":[238],"short-term":[240],"fluctuation":[241],"prevented.":[244],"comparative":[246],"experiments":[247],"paper":[250],"show":[251],"that":[252],"method":[254],"good":[256],"effect":[257],"on":[258],"PGB.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
