{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2968344872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933661","title":"An Adaptive Whale Optimization Algorithm Using Gaussian Distribution Strategies and Its Application in Heterogeneous UCAVs Task Allocation","display_name":"An Adaptive Whale Optimization Algorithm Using Gaussian Distribution Strategies and Its Application in Heterogeneous UCAVs Task Allocation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2968344872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933661","mag":"2968344872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08790677.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08790677.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057055708","display_name":"Yintong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5304-5147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yintong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033916596","display_name":"Tong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6632-7119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100602280","display_name":"Hui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-6271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077880547","display_name":"Hanjie Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8892-0703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanjie Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057055708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91888885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"110138","last_page":"110158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6893438100814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6770095825195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5218856930732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-of-distribution-algorithm","display_name":"Estimation of distribution algorithm","score":0.5209318995475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.50652015209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47285082936286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.46758270263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.42515814304351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19057732820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09371262788772583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6893438100814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6770095825195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5218856930732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162500139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835887","display_name":"Estimation of distribution algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5209318995475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.50652015209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47285082936286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46758270263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.42515814304351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19057732820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09371262788772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08790677.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4433fc5400e4414a092604cf4a14ccb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4433fc5400e4414a092604cf4a14ccb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 110138-110158 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933661","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08790677.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5070842869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017JM6078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7886415744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20175196019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","funder_display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02wq41p38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2968344872.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2968344872.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503296932","https://openalex.org/W1540706608","https://openalex.org/W1549072606","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1983394711","https://openalex.org/W1997600725","https://openalex.org/W1997704753","https://openalex.org/W2000950277","https://openalex.org/W2001227302","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2032101114","https://openalex.org/W2052367557","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2068713352","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2138537392","https://openalex.org/W2182761707","https://openalex.org/W2191258242","https://openalex.org/W2251257427","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2535720922","https://openalex.org/W2559261551","https://openalex.org/W2567056457","https://openalex.org/W2569247547","https://openalex.org/W2569267196","https://openalex.org/W2592645311","https://openalex.org/W2594870023","https://openalex.org/W2598409928","https://openalex.org/W2612473079","https://openalex.org/W2731669863","https://openalex.org/W2736594259","https://openalex.org/W2751865056","https://openalex.org/W2757238303","https://openalex.org/W2782136875","https://openalex.org/W2786985235","https://openalex.org/W2788405473","https://openalex.org/W2789838905","https://openalex.org/W2790531956","https://openalex.org/W2793214692","https://openalex.org/W2794197953","https://openalex.org/W2794302917","https://openalex.org/W2797485770","https://openalex.org/W2805076621","https://openalex.org/W2810069740","https://openalex.org/W2890866454","https://openalex.org/W2895990857","https://openalex.org/W2900105190","https://openalex.org/W2906830528","https://openalex.org/W2913003339","https://openalex.org/W2914133936","https://openalex.org/W2914242080","https://openalex.org/W2916873606","https://openalex.org/W2925656790","https://openalex.org/W2932222233","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6676058556","https://openalex.org/W6686280248","https://openalex.org/W6749335778","https://openalex.org/W6759437977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096498780","https://openalex.org/W2392913753","https://openalex.org/W1982259447","https://openalex.org/W2496664933","https://openalex.org/W1503012231","https://openalex.org/W2064682937","https://openalex.org/W2053360669","https://openalex.org/W1522658100","https://openalex.org/W2367801827","https://openalex.org/W2547072840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,231],"overcome":[1],"the":[2,17,43,49,57,62,73,105,120,125,130,134,142,145,148,154,167,219,239,250,255,262,267,279],"defect":[3],"of":[4,19,39,46,76,93,129,169,208,224,242,261,269],"whale":[5],"optimization":[6,274],"algorithm":[7,106,126],"(WOA)":[8],"being":[9],"easily":[10],"fallen":[11],"into":[12,108],"local":[13,131],"optimum":[14],"caused":[15],"by":[16,37,173,278],"ill-distribution":[18],"solutions,":[20],"this":[21,233],"paper":[22],"explores":[23],"an":[24,66,100],"adaptive":[25,67,101],"WOA":[26,80,97,176],"variant":[27,180],"using":[28,90],"Gaussian":[29,44,74,91,113],"distribution":[30,47,58,77,94],"strategies":[31],"(GDSs),":[32],"named":[33,42,112],"GDS-WOA.":[34],"In":[35],"GDS-WOA,":[36],"means":[38],"one":[40],"GDS,":[41,111],"estimation":[45,75,92],"method,":[48],"superior":[50],"population":[51,121],"information":[52],"is":[53,69,116,137,159,171,215,247],"used":[54],"to":[55,71,99,118,140,151,217],"evolve":[56],"scope":[59],"and":[60,79,123,147,166,177,195,211,259],"modify":[61],"evolution":[63],"direction.":[64],"Moreover,":[65],"framework":[68],"adopted":[70],"integrate":[72],"method":[78,95],"together,":[81],"in":[82,206],"which":[83],"each":[84],"individual":[85],"can":[86],"update":[87],"its":[88,178],"position":[89],"or":[96],"according":[98],"probability":[102],"parameter.":[103],"When":[104],"falls":[107],"stagnation,":[109],"another":[110],"random":[114],"walk,":[115],"activated":[117],"enrich":[119],"diversity":[122],"help":[124],"get":[127],"rid":[128],"optimum.":[132],"Additionally,":[133],"greedy":[135],"strategy":[136],"carried":[138],"out":[139],"select":[141],"offspring":[143],"from":[144],"parents":[146],"generated":[149],"candidates":[150],"fully":[152],"retain":[153],"promising":[155,179],"solutions.":[156],"The":[157,197,257],"GDS-WOA":[158,170,202,214,270],"benchmarked":[160],"on":[161],"CEC":[162],"2014":[163],"test":[164],"suite,":[165],"performance":[168,268],"evaluated":[172],"comparing":[174],"with":[175,249],"IWOA,":[181],"as":[182,184,254,264,266],"well":[183,265],"other":[185,204],"five":[186],"state-of-the-art":[187],"evolutionary":[188],"algorithms,":[189],"i.e.,":[190],"COA,":[191],"VCS,":[192],"CoBiDE,":[193],"HFPSO":[194],"GWO.":[196],"statistical":[198],"results":[199],"demonstrate":[200],"that":[201],"outperforms":[203],"competitors":[205],"terms":[207],"convergence":[209],"efficiency":[210],"accuracy.":[212],"Finally,":[213],"applied":[216],"solve":[218],"optimal":[220],"task":[221,245],"allocation":[222,246],"problem":[223,237,275],"heterogeneous":[225,243],"unmanned":[226],"combat":[227],"aerial":[228],"vehicles":[229],"(UCAVs).":[230],"address":[232],"constrained":[234,273],"real-world":[235],"optimizing":[236],"efficiently,":[238],"mathematical":[240],"model":[241,263],"UCAVs":[244],"described":[248],"operational":[251],"effectiveness":[252],"value":[253],"objective.":[256],"validity":[258],"practicauility":[260],"for":[271],"solving":[272],"are":[276],"demonstrated":[277],"experimental":[280],"results.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}