{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2968130068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933650","title":"A Concave Optimization-Based Approach for Joint Multi-Target Track Initialization","display_name":"A Concave Optimization-Based Approach for Joint Multi-Target Track Initialization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2968130068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933650","mag":"2968130068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933650","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08790702.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08790702.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011475864","display_name":"Ruiping Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-9869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiping Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112723522","display_name":"Yan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-0330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-0330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084539864","display_name":"Linfeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0572-031X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linfeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0572-031X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100718890","display_name":"Wanying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-092X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2767,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8508847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"108551","last_page":"108560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.9460035562515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.7668318748474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6596546173095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.6511492729187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5235502123832703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.46187376976013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4044077694416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27938956022262573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.9460035562515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.7668318748474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6596546173095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.6511492729187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5235502123832703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.46187376976013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4044077694416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27938956022262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933650","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08790702.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d88ac7ff38b64c8594cb28e063a8f6c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d88ac7ff38b64c8594cb28e063a8f6c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 108551-108560 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933650","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08790702.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G232665685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7365541719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2968130068.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2968130068.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34992941","https://openalex.org/W1499399028","https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1999575913","https://openalex.org/W2007367317","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2045536223","https://openalex.org/W2046048516","https://openalex.org/W2049244691","https://openalex.org/W2052240371","https://openalex.org/W2105905583","https://openalex.org/W2106873007","https://openalex.org/W2110354007","https://openalex.org/W2119559655","https://openalex.org/W2123378338","https://openalex.org/W2137585588","https://openalex.org/W2139238196","https://openalex.org/W2143594946","https://openalex.org/W2146539768","https://openalex.org/W2151045862","https://openalex.org/W2154353836","https://openalex.org/W2154616225","https://openalex.org/W2155729356","https://openalex.org/W2157222406","https://openalex.org/W2165948751","https://openalex.org/W2167468416","https://openalex.org/W2169616393","https://openalex.org/W2186733165","https://openalex.org/W2211178663","https://openalex.org/W2238582461","https://openalex.org/W2318526134","https://openalex.org/W2344510161","https://openalex.org/W2509362858","https://openalex.org/W2571050459","https://openalex.org/W2615360983","https://openalex.org/W2792061448","https://openalex.org/W2901062134","https://openalex.org/W2909604997","https://openalex.org/W2914563821","https://openalex.org/W2914847146","https://openalex.org/W3187867541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375684291","https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W2354676191","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W2596692027","https://openalex.org/W4295724548","https://openalex.org/W2549189808","https://openalex.org/W2035564297","https://openalex.org/W3016456819","https://openalex.org/W4380087116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"performance":[1],"of":[2,17,36,48,66,69,110,126,150,167],"track":[3,19,38,46,77,96,116],"initialization":[4,78],"methods":[5],"based":[6],"on":[7,12],"real-time":[8],"filtering":[9],"depends":[10],"heavily":[11],"the":[13,18,32,42,56,75,105,111,127,132,151,156,165,168],"state":[14],"estimation":[15],"accuracy":[16],"head,":[20],"which":[21,41],"cannot":[22],"be":[23],"accurately":[24],"obtained":[25,51],"in":[26,40],"many":[27],"cases.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"proposes":[31],"joint":[33],"optimization":[34,100,109],"problem":[35],"multi-target":[37],"initialization,":[39],"data":[43,86,112],"association":[44,87,113],"and":[45,74,88],"parameters":[47],"targets":[49],"are":[50],"simultaneously.":[52],"To":[53],"this":[54],"end,":[55],"target":[57,121,133],"trajectory":[58],"is":[59,79,101,143],"first":[60],"modeled":[61],"as":[62],"a":[63,67,138],"weighted":[64],"sum":[65],"set":[68],"continuous":[70],"time":[71],"basis":[72],"functions,":[73],"corresponding":[76],"to":[80,85,92,124,145],"determine":[81],"discrete-value":[82],"decision":[83],"related":[84,91],"continuous-value":[89],"estimate":[90],"function":[93],"weights":[94],"(i.e.,":[95],"parameters).":[97],"Such":[98],"binary":[99],"further":[102],"transformed":[103],"into":[104],"equivalent":[106],"quadratic":[107],"concave":[108],"vector":[114],"by":[115,155],"parameter":[117],"elimination,":[118],"while":[119],"each":[120],"definitely":[122],"corresponds":[123],"one":[125],"local":[128],"minima":[129],"that":[130],"satisfy":[131],"existence":[134],"condition.":[135],"In":[136],"implementation,":[137],"modified":[139],"normal":[140,158],"rectangular":[141,159],"algorithm":[142],"presented":[144],"obtain":[146],"such":[147],"minima,":[148],"instead":[149],"global":[152],"minimum":[153],"gotten":[154],"standard":[157],"algorithm.":[160,170],"Finally,":[161],"simulation":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"proposed":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}