{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965963364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933052","title":"ECH: An Enhanced Clustering Hierarchy Approach to Maximize Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"ECH: An Enhanced Clustering Hierarchy Approach to Maximize Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965963364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933052","mag":"2965963364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933052","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08786812.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08786812.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076112103","display_name":"Hassan El Alami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153527","display_name":"Institut National des Postes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications","ror":"https://ror.org/052bnvt46","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527","https://openalex.org/I4210167103"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan El Alami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Systems, National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, Rabat, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Systems, National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042652977","display_name":"Abdellah Najid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-1886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153527","display_name":"Institut National des Postes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications","ror":"https://ror.org/052bnvt46","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527","https://openalex.org/I4210167103"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdellah Najid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Systems, National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, Rabat, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Systems, National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076112103"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":20.9284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":196,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99587568,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"107142","last_page":"107153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7885640859603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7805122137069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7638395428657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6216391324996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6185399293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.599526584148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.5811638236045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5808097720146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5806246995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.567783772945404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.5024147033691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-network-model","display_name":"Hierarchical network model","score":0.46136632561683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4569270610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-redundancy","display_name":"Data redundancy","score":0.44327184557914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2911849617958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.2699745297431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1128033995628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07966864109039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06237933039665222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7885640859603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7805122137069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7638395428657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6216391324996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6185399293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.599526584148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.5811638236045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5808097720146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5806246995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.567783772945404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.5024147033691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64900535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5753111","display_name":"Hierarchical network model","level":3,"score":0.46136632561683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4569270610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7545210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838123","display_name":"Data redundancy","level":2,"score":0.44327184557914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2911849617958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2699745297431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1128033995628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07966864109039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06237933039665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933052","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08786812.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:067b5c86f04d4a29b80c8f9fc8192096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/067b5c86f04d4a29b80c8f9fc8192096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 107142-107153 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2933052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2933052","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08786812.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965963364.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965963364.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493144892","https://openalex.org/W1505113810","https://openalex.org/W1573638364","https://openalex.org/W1596831615","https://openalex.org/W1971821616","https://openalex.org/W1986776366","https://openalex.org/W2099751474","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2116913505","https://openalex.org/W2119106551","https://openalex.org/W2129072521","https://openalex.org/W2133985501","https://openalex.org/W2141351680","https://openalex.org/W2155864758","https://openalex.org/W2161371274","https://openalex.org/W2170239483","https://openalex.org/W2323415919","https://openalex.org/W2408479642","https://openalex.org/W2480011705","https://openalex.org/W2571303926","https://openalex.org/W2620893968","https://openalex.org/W2735493744","https://openalex.org/W2751199843","https://openalex.org/W2755618604","https://openalex.org/W2882986314","https://openalex.org/W2913922281","https://openalex.org/W4246545853","https://openalex.org/W6629575236","https://openalex.org/W6714046950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540218377","https://openalex.org/W2923845588","https://openalex.org/W2097005420","https://openalex.org/W2167001375","https://openalex.org/W1989203743","https://openalex.org/W4384948882","https://openalex.org/W3035714756","https://openalex.org/W2945120637","https://openalex.org/W2769762323","https://openalex.org/W2144562869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,108,147],"order":[1],"to":[2,29,42,56,72,78,120,172],"gather":[3],"data":[4,14,74,97,137],"more":[5],"efficiently,":[6],"a":[7,79],"clustering":[8,52,90,113],"hierarchy":[9,53,91,114],"algorithm":[10,22],"is":[11,23,139,145],"used":[12,71],"for":[13,130,159],"communication":[15],"in":[16,34,61,124,182,188],"wireless":[17],"sensor":[18],"networks":[19],"(WSNs).":[20],"This":[21],"one":[24],"of":[25,46,59,84,149,179,194],"the":[26,31,44,63,85,95,100,136,164,169,195],"major":[27],"techniques":[28],"improve":[30],"energy":[32,58,68,122,180],"efficiency":[33,123],"WSNs":[35,60,125],"and":[36,75,132,141,161,190],"it":[37,77],"provides":[38],"an":[39,111],"effective":[40],"manner":[41],"maximize":[43],"lifetime":[45,144],"WSNs.":[47,183],"Hierarchical":[48],"protocols":[49,153],"based":[50,88],"on":[51,89],"are":[54,157,177],"proposed":[55,119,165],"save":[57],"which":[62,176],"nodes":[64,102,104,156,171],"with":[65],"higher":[66],"remaining":[67],"could":[69],"be":[70],"collect":[73],"transmit":[76],"base":[80],"station.":[81],"However,":[82],"most":[83],"previous":[86,150],"approaches":[87],"have":[92],"not":[93],"considered":[94],"redundant":[96],"collected":[98],"by":[99,126],"adjacent":[101],"or":[103],"overlap":[105],"each":[106],"other.":[107],"this":[109],"paper,":[110],"enhanced":[112],"(ECH)":[115,186],"approach":[116,166,187],"has":[117],"been":[118],"achieve":[121],"using":[127],"sleeping-waking":[128],"mechanism":[129],"overlapping":[131],"neighboring":[133],"nodes.":[134],"Thus,":[135],"redundancy":[138],"minimized":[140],"then":[142],"network":[143],"maximized.":[146],"contrast":[148],"hierarchical":[151],"routing":[152],"where":[154],"all":[155],"required":[158],"collecting":[160],"transmitting":[162],"data,":[163],"only":[167],"requires":[168],"waking":[170],"do":[173],"these":[174],"tasks,":[175],"keys":[178],"consumption":[181],"We":[184],"implement":[185],"homogeneous":[189],"heterogeneous":[191],"networks.":[192],"Results":[193],"simulation":[196],"show":[197],"its":[198],"effectiveness.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
