{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965877203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932478","title":"A Locating Method for Multi-Purposes HTs Based on the Boundary Network","display_name":"A Locating Method for Multi-Purposes HTs Based on the Boundary Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965877203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932478","mag":"2965877203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2932478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932478","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067332736","display_name":"Chen Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-3403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-3403","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403380","display_name":"Fan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Information Security of Network Systems, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Information Security of Network Systems, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058120371","display_name":"Ximeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-3295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ximeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Information Security of Network Systems, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Information Security of Network Systems, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017381514","display_name":"Xing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-110X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-110X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643723","display_name":"Wenzhong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-8823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-8823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397670","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7891-2670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Information Security of Network Systems, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Information Security of Network Systems, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.3094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9507827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"110936","last_page":"110950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.8756009936332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.795489490032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.514116108417511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5089645385742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4885938763618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.42384085059165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4226261079311371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4164554476737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3859483599662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3079060912132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1172720193862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11306840181350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10059431195259094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.8756009936332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.795489490032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.514116108417511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5089645385742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4885938763618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.42384085059165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4226261079311371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4164554476737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3859483599662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3079060912132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1172720193862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11306840181350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10059431195259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2932478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a8381cbbec0443a908e4e5304dcf72a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a8381cbbec0443a908e4e5304dcf72a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 110936-110950 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2932478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1321117299","display_name":"\u7fa4\u667a\u611f\u77e5\u8f66\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6570\u636e\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u4ea4\u901a\u6d41\u9884\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4026218185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018J01793","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700371085","display_name":"\u7535\u5b50\u533b\u7597\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5916\u5305\u5b58\u50a8\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u8bca\u7597\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G511846423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018J01800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7504216054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U18042631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7940897604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JAT170099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321893","funder_display_name":"Department of Education, Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8564054440","display_name":"\u4e91\u5916\u5305\u4e2a\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7\u6863\u6848\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u8bca\u65ad\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61702105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321893","display_name":"Department of Education, Fujian Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01d6wrk87"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1967864446","https://openalex.org/W2065858973","https://openalex.org/W2074123919","https://openalex.org/W2105497548","https://openalex.org/W2120912790","https://openalex.org/W2122509673","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2151668694","https://openalex.org/W2207233201","https://openalex.org/W2221643708","https://openalex.org/W2314524809","https://openalex.org/W2322136491","https://openalex.org/W2464661970","https://openalex.org/W2524064595","https://openalex.org/W2536483783","https://openalex.org/W2566529203","https://openalex.org/W2582533918","https://openalex.org/W2584319634","https://openalex.org/W2631809927","https://openalex.org/W2756672502","https://openalex.org/W2756703387","https://openalex.org/W2762692168","https://openalex.org/W2765554356","https://openalex.org/W2772780992","https://openalex.org/W2782444239","https://openalex.org/W2785881462","https://openalex.org/W2786611832","https://openalex.org/W2793347675","https://openalex.org/W2795151239","https://openalex.org/W2798507000","https://openalex.org/W2913406411","https://openalex.org/W4235106014","https://openalex.org/W4252148401","https://openalex.org/W6637386731","https://openalex.org/W6681533817","https://openalex.org/W6732928518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170314243","https://openalex.org/W2119179026","https://openalex.org/W2794947590","https://openalex.org/W2114971758","https://openalex.org/W4386694274","https://openalex.org/W3215142653","https://openalex.org/W3146543203","https://openalex.org/W2795180100","https://openalex.org/W2099346120","https://openalex.org/W1487051936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"there":[1],"are":[2,73,79,166,204],"various":[3],"methods":[4,48,90,180],"for":[5,141,151,168,206,226],"detecting":[6],"the":[7,12,44,50,56,61,65,71,77,86,112,130,133,136,142,148,152,160,163,177,183,190,198,214,216,235],"hardware":[8,58],"trojans":[9],"(HTs)":[10],"in":[11],"integrated":[13,68],"circuits":[14,69],"(ICs).":[15],"The":[16,82],"circuit's":[17],"logic":[18],"representations":[19],"of":[20,32,67,220,224,229],"different":[21,120,126,131],"types,":[22],"structures,":[23],"and":[24,76,92,115,147,208,222],"functional":[25],"characteristics":[26,38],"should":[27],"be":[28],"different.":[29],"Each":[30],"type":[31,145],"circuit":[33],"has":[34],"its'":[35,41],"own":[36],"performance":[37],"according":[39],"to":[40,53,111,129,182],"purpose.":[42],"However,":[43],"traditional":[45,87],"HTs":[46,88,99,122,146,161],"detection":[47,89,114,185],"adopt":[49],"same":[51,62],"approach":[52],"deal":[54,158],"with":[55,159],"multi-purpose":[57],"trojan.":[59],"At":[60],"time,":[63],"as":[64],"scale":[66],"growing,":[70],"structures":[72],"more":[74,80],"complex,":[75],"functions":[78],"refined.":[81],"current":[83],"situation":[84],"makes":[85],"weaker":[91],"even":[93],"unfeasible.":[94],"Therefore,":[95],"we":[96],"propose":[97],"an":[98],"classified":[100],"locating":[101,116],"method":[102],"based":[103],"on":[104],"machine":[105],"learning,":[106],"named":[107],"ML-HTCL,":[108,119,199],"which":[109,231],"belongs":[110],"static":[113],"method.":[117],"In":[118],"purpose":[121],"were":[123,174,194],"represented":[124],"by":[125,176,210],"features.":[127],"Due":[128],"features,":[132],"ML-HTCL":[134,217],"employs":[135],"multi-layer":[137],"BP":[138],"neural":[139],"network":[140],"control":[143],"signal":[144],"one-class":[149],"SVM":[150],"information":[153],"leakage":[154],"HTs,":[155,230],"respectively.":[156],"To":[157,196],"completely,":[162],"boundary":[164],"nets":[165],"considered":[167],"all":[169,227],"data":[170],"set,":[171],"while":[172],"those":[173],"ignored":[175],"most":[178,236],"existing":[179,237],"due":[181],"high":[184],"error":[186],"rate.":[187],"After":[188],"detection,":[189],"HTs'":[191],"precise":[192],"locations":[193],"achieved.":[195],"evaluate":[197],"17":[200],"gate-level":[201],"netlist":[202],"benchmarks":[203],"used":[205],"training":[207],"testing":[209],"leave-one-out":[211],"cross-validation.":[212],"From":[213],"results,":[215],"reaches":[218],"85.05%":[219],"TPR":[221],"73.91%":[223],"TNR":[225],"kinds":[228],"performs":[232],"better":[233],"than":[234],"methods.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}