{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965578176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932431","title":"Polymer-Based 3-D Printed Ku-Band Steerable Phased-Array Antenna Subsystem","display_name":"Polymer-Based 3-D Printed Ku-Band Steerable Phased-Array Antenna Subsystem","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965578176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932431","mag":"2965578176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2932431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932431","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08784237.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08784237.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039378819","display_name":"Sang-Hee Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8849-4241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Hee Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051942685","display_name":"Diyar F. Alyasiri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diyar F. Alyasiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009489864","display_name":"Mario D\u2019Auria","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario D'Auria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027186736","display_name":"William J. Otter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-9268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William J. Otter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070837383","display_name":"Connor Myant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-4009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089887","display_name":"Dyson (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4npp83","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089887"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connor W. Myant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984","https://openalex.org/I4210089887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079167168","display_name":"Daniel Stokes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4144-3775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131622","display_name":"ECSI Fibrotools (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/045zbxg02","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131622"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Stokes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Technologies Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Technologies Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131622","https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100537975","display_name":"Zhengrong Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131622","display_name":"ECSI Fibrotools (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/045zbxg02","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131622"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengrong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Technologies Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Technologies Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131622","https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017117407","display_name":"Nick Ridler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-2914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131622","display_name":"ECSI Fibrotools (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/045zbxg02","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131622"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick M. Ridler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Technologies Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Technologies Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131622","https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032238161","display_name":"Stepan Lucyszyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stepan Lucyszyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039378819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":30.1358,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99231215,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"106662","last_page":"106673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.8271709084510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ku-band","display_name":"Ku band","score":0.7481392025947571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.49729588627815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.49333563446998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.4875013530254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflective-array-antenna","display_name":"Reflective array antenna","score":0.465506374835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array-optics","display_name":"Phased-array optics","score":0.4277638792991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3707726001739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3612815737724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26227444410324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial-antenna","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","score":0.18841060996055603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.8271709084510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779383134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306639","display_name":"Ku band","level":2,"score":0.7481392025947571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.49729588627815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.49333563446998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.4875013530254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169466946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307317","display_name":"Reflective array antenna","level":5,"score":0.465506374835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193860024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180973","display_name":"Phased-array optics","level":4,"score":0.4277638792991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3707726001739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3612815737724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26227444410324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93130614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138671","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","level":4,"score":0.18841060996055603}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2932431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932431","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08784237.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4d1e334623b49f7a3fce55cc1628b7b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4d1e334623b49f7a3fce55cc1628b7b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 106662-106673 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/72370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/72370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"106673","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2932431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932431","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08784237.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934935867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Engineering and Physical Sciences R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4368842792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTP3-FT-046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312931","funder_display_name":"UK Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6364941895","display_name":"TERACELL: Integrated Microwave-to-Terahertz Sensors for label-free circulating tumour cell detection","funder_award_id":"EP/M001121/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6653923629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M001121/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312931","display_name":"UK Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/051sgbe98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965578176.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965578176.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1771912175","https://openalex.org/W1904701391","https://openalex.org/W1983647929","https://openalex.org/W1985260628","https://openalex.org/W2007829639","https://openalex.org/W2054492184","https://openalex.org/W2111068907","https://openalex.org/W2125729235","https://openalex.org/W2157335011","https://openalex.org/W2171783248","https://openalex.org/W2182087764","https://openalex.org/W2200840579","https://openalex.org/W2242378331","https://openalex.org/W2296545289","https://openalex.org/W2313960699","https://openalex.org/W2412062728","https://openalex.org/W2511770451","https://openalex.org/W2528617312","https://openalex.org/W2561680970","https://openalex.org/W2562433468","https://openalex.org/W2590484193","https://openalex.org/W2807996330","https://openalex.org/W2884903150","https://openalex.org/W2891250296","https://openalex.org/W2899013117","https://openalex.org/W2905038395","https://openalex.org/W2911778251","https://openalex.org/W2946408226","https://openalex.org/W2956027674","https://openalex.org/W2981815893","https://openalex.org/W6663959825","https://openalex.org/W6769403988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148357586","https://openalex.org/W2105888646","https://openalex.org/W4312367795","https://openalex.org/W2376579131","https://openalex.org/W2358052690","https://openalex.org/W2068476306","https://openalex.org/W3159067746","https://openalex.org/W1969131519","https://openalex.org/W2185870465","https://openalex.org/W4206474493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,131],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,38,42,69,75,84,112,135],"first":[4],"fully":[5,27,144],"3-D":[6,19,139],"printed":[7,20],"tunable":[8],"microwave":[9],"subsystem,":[10,43],"consisting":[11],"of":[12,41,48,93,117,128,137],"26":[13],"circuit":[14],"elements.":[15],"Here,":[16],"a":[17,50,58,123],"polymer-based":[18],"Ku-band":[21],"4-element":[22],"steerable":[23],"phased-array":[24,85],"antenna":[25,86],"with":[26,54,122,147],"integrated":[28,145],"beam-forming":[29],"network":[30],"is":[31,46],"demonstrated.":[32],"Polyjet":[33],"was":[34,65,109],"adopted":[35],"for":[36,74,142],"fabricating":[37],"main":[39],"body":[40],"as":[44],"it":[45],"capable":[47],"producing":[49],"geometrically":[51],"complex":[52,148],"structure":[53],"high":[55],"resolution":[56],"over":[57],"large":[59],"volume.":[60],"Low-cost":[61],"fused":[62],"deposition":[63],"modeling":[64],"chosen":[66],"to":[67,119],"manufacture":[68],"dielectric":[70],"inserts":[71],"and":[72,95,100],"brackets":[73],"phase":[76],"shifters.":[77],"The":[78],"measured":[79,125],"radiation":[80],"pattern":[81],"revealed":[82],"that":[83],"subsystem":[87],"has":[88],"total":[89],"beam":[90],"steering":[91],"angles":[92],"54\u00b0":[94],"52\u00b0":[96],"at":[97],"15":[98,118],"GHz":[99],"17":[101,120],"GHz,":[102,121],"respectively.":[103],"Excellent":[104],"input":[105],"return":[106,126],"loss":[107,127],"behavior":[108],"observed":[110],"across":[111],"optimum":[113],"operational":[114],"frequency":[115],"range":[116],"worst-case":[124],"12.9":[129],"dB.":[130],"work":[132],"clearly":[133],"shows":[134],"potential":[136],"using":[138],"printing":[140],"technologies":[141],"manufacturing":[143],"subsystems":[146],"geometric":[149],"features.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T08:02:53.985720","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}