{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963484278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2931144","title":"Deep Learning-Based System for Automatic Recognition and Diagnosis of Electrical Insulator Strings","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based System for Automatic Recognition and Diagnosis of Electrical Insulator Strings","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963484278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2931144","mag":"2963484278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2931144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2931144","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08772209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08772209.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102928295","display_name":"Carlos Sampedro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-2284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139293","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/040scgh75","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Sampedro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-2284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293","https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083838637","display_name":"Javier Rodr\u00edguez-V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0305-7806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139293","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/040scgh75","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Rodriguez-Vazquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293","https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083008916","display_name":"Alejandro Rodr\u00edguez-Ramos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3257-4602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139293","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/040scgh75","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Rodriguez-Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293","https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023900271","display_name":"Adri\u00e1n Carrio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-7279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139293","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/040scgh75","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Carrio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293","https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001678286","display_name":"Pascual Campoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9894-2009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139293","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/040scgh75","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascual Campoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, ES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293","https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.6845,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96878017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"101283","last_page":"101308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13715","display_name":"Power Line Inspection Robots","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7972146272659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7312800884246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6326290965080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6030559539794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5878587365150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulator","display_name":"Insulator (electricity)","score":0.5322553515434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5126818418502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.45028218626976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11267217993736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11020752787590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08014270663261414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7972146272659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7312800884246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6326290965080261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6030559539794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5878587365150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C212702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178150","display_name":"Insulator (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.5322553515434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5126818418502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45028218626976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11267217993736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11020752787590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08014270663261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2931144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2931144","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08772209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ccfdddc4cea44dec866be836f6b58588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ccfdddc4cea44dec866be836f6b58588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 101283-101308 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2931144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2931144","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08772209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5132715931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"INNPACTO IPT-2012-0491-120000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7965230066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCYT DPI2010-20751-C02-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323737","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322138","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323737","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963484278.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963484278.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85350352","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2013530913","https://openalex.org/W2028643357","https://openalex.org/W2032501499","https://openalex.org/W2069468658","https://openalex.org/W2084748705","https://openalex.org/W2084825540","https://openalex.org/W2092133582","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2130745297","https://openalex.org/W2144449207","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2146919646","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2475316287","https://openalex.org/W2539675563","https://openalex.org/W2555232156","https://openalex.org/W2563279788","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2609077090","https://openalex.org/W2734642607","https://openalex.org/W2736377497","https://openalex.org/W2789137862","https://openalex.org/W2791049967","https://openalex.org/W2791427330","https://openalex.org/W2792274727","https://openalex.org/W2794282829","https://openalex.org/W2802830211","https://openalex.org/W2807888105","https://openalex.org/W2890366480","https://openalex.org/W2897772777","https://openalex.org/W2899812750","https://openalex.org/W2909309670","https://openalex.org/W2910009410","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W3012251373","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6603460400","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6747658181","https://openalex.org/W6750335474","https://openalex.org/W6783596713","https://openalex.org/W7073767927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,25,67,99,110,154,180,191,196],"complete":[4],"system":[5,43,226],"for":[6,48,203],"automatic":[7],"recognition":[8,245],"and":[9,52,131,145,172,210,246],"the":[10,29,33,41,78,81,94,103,119,126,139,148,163,167,177,205,212,221],"diagnosis":[11,187,247],"of":[12,32,57,66,80,93,102,118,128,138,175,179,183,190,214,217,239],"electrical":[13],"insulator":[14,49,61,140,149,168,244],"strings":[15],"which":[16,76,159,194],"efficiently":[17],"combines":[18],"different":[19],"deep":[20],"learning-based":[21],"components":[22,54],"to":[23,28],"build":[24],"versatile":[26],"solution":[27],"automation":[30],"problem":[31],"power":[34],"line":[35],"inspection":[36],"process.":[37],"To":[38],"this":[39],"aim,":[40],"proposed":[42,120,225],"integrates":[44,195],"one":[45],"component":[46,64,171,188],"responsible":[47],"string":[50,62,141,150,169],"segmentation":[51,63,137,170],"two":[53],"in":[55,231],"charge":[56],"its":[58],"diagnosis.":[59],"The":[60,116,185,224],"consists":[65,189],"novel":[68,192],"fully":[69],"convolutional":[70,155,198],"network":[71,84,105,113,157,200],"(FCN)":[72],"architecture,":[73],"termed":[74],"Up-Net,":[75],"enhances":[77],"capabilities":[79,117],"state-of-the-art":[82],"U-Net":[83],"by":[85,106,125,166],"introducing":[86],"new":[87],"skip":[88],"connections":[89],"at":[90],"certain":[91],"levels":[92],"architecture.":[95],"Furthermore,":[96],"we":[97,152],"propose":[98],"second":[100,186],"variant":[101],"Up-Net":[104,121],"training":[107],"it":[108],"within":[109],"generative":[111],"adversarial":[112],"(GAN)":[114],"framework.":[115],"variants":[122],"are":[123],"incremented":[124],"application":[127],"data":[129],"augmentation":[130],"transfer":[132],"learning":[133],"techniques,":[134],"achieving":[135],"accurate":[136],"elements":[142],"(i.e.,":[143],"discs":[144,209],"caps).":[146],"Regarding":[147],"diagnosis,":[151],"design":[153],"neural":[156,199],"(CNN)":[158],"takes":[160],"as":[161],"input":[162],"mask":[164],"generated":[165],"is":[173],"capable":[174],"identifying":[176],"absence":[178],"variable":[181],"number":[182],"discs.":[184],"strategy":[193],"Siamese":[197],"(SCNN)":[201],"designed":[202],"modeling":[204],"similarity":[206],"between":[207],"adjacent":[208],"allowing":[211],"detection":[213],"several":[215,232],"types":[216],"disc":[218],"defects":[219],"using":[220],"same":[222],"model.":[223],"has":[227],"been":[228],"extensively":[229],"evaluated":[230],"video":[233],"sequences":[234],"from":[235],"real":[236],"aerial":[237],"inspections":[238],"high-voltage":[240],"insulators,":[241],"showing":[242],"robust":[243],"capabilities.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}