{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963999929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930740","title":"An Improved Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Location-Based Service","display_name":"An Improved Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Location-Based Service","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963999929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930740","mag":"2963999929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930740","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08771059.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08771059.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cao Shouqi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao Shouqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087798746","display_name":"Liu Wanrong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-7802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Wanrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012773632","display_name":"Liling Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao Liling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043325228","display_name":"Qing Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101669433","display_name":"Xin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-0519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5331,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68875023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"114203","last_page":"114212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.7878401875495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7872269153594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7046452164649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/challenge-handshake-authentication-protocol","display_name":"Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol","score":0.7046025395393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5366278290748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otway\u2013rees-protocol","display_name":"Otway\u2013Rees protocol","score":0.524761438369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/challenge\u2013response-authentication","display_name":"Challenge\u2013response authentication","score":0.49178221821784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.4568004310131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.44473645091056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4414597153663635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.7878401875495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7872269153594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7046452164649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207828512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060131","display_name":"Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol","level":4,"score":0.7046025395393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5366278290748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35788789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320237","display_name":"Otway\u2013Rees protocol","level":5,"score":0.524761438369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131129157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059963","display_name":"Challenge\u2013response authentication","level":4,"score":0.49178221821784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.4568004310131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.44473645091056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4414597153663635}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930740","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08771059.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:106de9f651ea42a895a64831bf8264aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/106de9f651ea42a895a64831bf8264aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 114203-114212 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930740","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08771059.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2394068467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17050502000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3850442246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17050502000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325302","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8835954896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A2-0203-00-100361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325302","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325302","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963999929.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963999929.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W290699399","https://openalex.org/W832713155","https://openalex.org/W1971472627","https://openalex.org/W1987721062","https://openalex.org/W2010939995","https://openalex.org/W2012015562","https://openalex.org/W2026130590","https://openalex.org/W2032309315","https://openalex.org/W2057072851","https://openalex.org/W2059751763","https://openalex.org/W2069388449","https://openalex.org/W2076230933","https://openalex.org/W2076560169","https://openalex.org/W2102611836","https://openalex.org/W2112350027","https://openalex.org/W2122050126","https://openalex.org/W2141854027","https://openalex.org/W2147764505","https://openalex.org/W2150447982","https://openalex.org/W2169270531","https://openalex.org/W2169902406","https://openalex.org/W2170166043","https://openalex.org/W2316444051","https://openalex.org/W2482796009","https://openalex.org/W2511060964","https://openalex.org/W2554047538","https://openalex.org/W2616326941","https://openalex.org/W2767975085","https://openalex.org/W2787545764","https://openalex.org/W2791200528","https://openalex.org/W2914968888","https://openalex.org/W2949170220","https://openalex.org/W3122401678","https://openalex.org/W6658617468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377502939","https://openalex.org/W2354152081","https://openalex.org/W1949088485","https://openalex.org/W2348375952","https://openalex.org/W2286035695","https://openalex.org/W2374274463","https://openalex.org/W2001671835","https://openalex.org/W1968284308","https://openalex.org/W2126677746","https://openalex.org/W2352481776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,176,197],"authentication":[1,8,26,55,62,131,154],"protocols":[2],"are":[3,194],"implemented":[4],"to":[5,100,119,172],"provide":[6],"identity":[7,54],"for":[9,28,67,156],"communication":[10],"entities.":[11],"With":[12],"the":[13,20,24,47,96,116,124,129,142,162,179,188],"increasing":[14],"demand":[15],"of":[16,22,46,50,89,98,144,178],"network":[17],"security":[18,143,174,177,206],"and":[19,39,53,59,107,149,165,187,191],"development":[21],"technology,":[23],"anonymous":[25,61,153],"protocol":[27,63,117,148,155,181,203],"LBS":[29],"(location":[30],"based":[31,69,158],"service)":[32],"has":[33,204],"gradually":[34],"become":[35],"a":[36],"research":[37],"hotspot":[38],"attracted":[40],"extensive":[41],"attentions,":[42],"which":[43],"provides":[44],"anonymity":[45],"user,":[48],"confidentiality":[49],"location":[51,68,157],"information":[52],"simultaneously.":[56],"An":[57],"efficient":[58],"secure":[60],"with":[64,207],"enhanced":[65],"privacy":[66],"service":[70],"using":[71,184],"asymmetric":[72],"cryptography":[73],"was":[74,132],"proposed":[75,180],"by":[76],"Memon":[77,90,145],"et":[78,91,146],"al.":[79],"in":[80,136],"2015.":[81],"However,":[82],"some":[83,87],"scholars":[84],"pointed":[85,114],"out":[86,115],"weaknesses":[88],"al.'s":[92,147],"protocol,":[93],"such":[94],"as":[95],"lack":[97],"resistance":[99],"password":[101,109],"change":[102],"attack,":[103],"privileged":[104],"insider":[105],"attack":[106],"offline":[108],"guessing":[110],"attack.":[111],"They":[112],"also":[113],"failed":[118],"prevent":[120],"adversaries":[121],"from":[122],"getting":[123],"session-specific":[125],"temporary":[126],"information.":[127],"Besides,":[128],"mutual":[130],"not":[133],"perfect.":[134],"Therefore,":[135],"this":[137],"paper,":[138],"we":[139],"further":[140],"analyze":[141],"propose":[150],"an":[151],"improved":[152,202],"service.":[159],"We":[160],"use":[161],"timestamp":[163],"mechanism":[164],"rely":[166],"on":[167],"CDH":[168],"(Computational":[169],"Diffie-Hellman)":[170],"problem":[171],"improve":[173],"primarily.":[175],"is":[182],"verified":[183],"BAN":[185],"logic":[186],"performance":[189],"comparison":[190],"efficiency":[192],"analysis":[193],"carried":[195],"out.":[196],"results":[198],"show":[199],"that":[200],"our":[201],"higher":[205],"little":[208],"more":[209],"computation":[210],"cost.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}