{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963246332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930666","title":"Performance Analysis of Fog-Based Radio Access Networks","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Fog-Based Radio Access Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963246332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930666","mag":"2963246332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08769826.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08769826.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032770229","display_name":"Heba M. Abdel\u2010Atty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-174X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88017793","display_name":"Port Said University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx5yq44","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba M. Abdel-Atty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Port Said University, Port Said, EG"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-174X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Port Said University, Port Said, EG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074917497","display_name":"Raad S. Alhumaima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-5965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raad S. Alhumaima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, GB"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-5965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082099037","display_name":"Sherif M. Abuelenin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-7457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88017793","display_name":"Port Said University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx5yq44","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherif M. Abuelenin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Port Said University, Port Said, EG"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-7457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Port Said University, Port Said, EG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013437558","display_name":"Eman A. Anowr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5176-1606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88017793","display_name":"Port Said University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx5yq44","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman A. Anowr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Port Said University, Port Said, EG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Port Said University, Port Said, EG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76352321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"106195","last_page":"106203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7725738883018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7469075918197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6115147471427917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5970942974090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-radio-head","display_name":"Remote radio head","score":0.5779439210891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5320174694061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5122956037521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reynolds-averaged-navier\u2013stokes-equations","display_name":"Reynolds-averaged Navier\u2013Stokes equations","score":0.4881232678890228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.47512418031692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.46347957849502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4600723683834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.444404661655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43848252296447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.43558451533317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.41168704628944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.41140782833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.328909695148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.30829334259033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20503461360931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.16108310222625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1290687620639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.1052655577659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09206327795982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","score":0.08036741614341736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7725738883018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7469075918197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6115147471427917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5970942974090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101541887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1555675","display_name":"Remote radio head","level":4,"score":0.5779439210891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5320174694061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5122956037521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32526432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536235","display_name":"Reynolds-averaged Navier\u2013Stokes equations","level":3,"score":0.4881232678890228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.47512418031692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.46347957849502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4600723683834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.444404661655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43848252296447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.43558451533317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.41168704628944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.41140782833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.328909695148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30829334259033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20503461360931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.16108310222625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1290687620639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.1052655577659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09206327795982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.08036741614341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08769826.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f954d97655f4b138f2a3d5461ffd3b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f954d97655f4b138f2a3d5461ffd3b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 106195-106203 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08769826.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963246332.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963246332.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586578798","https://openalex.org/W1592773038","https://openalex.org/W1788288079","https://openalex.org/W2039089261","https://openalex.org/W2056916045","https://openalex.org/W2061023771","https://openalex.org/W2067181210","https://openalex.org/W2089452274","https://openalex.org/W2112170521","https://openalex.org/W2112320297","https://openalex.org/W2149774779","https://openalex.org/W2158510188","https://openalex.org/W2160837607","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W2283604054","https://openalex.org/W2319568723","https://openalex.org/W2341846527","https://openalex.org/W2592549785","https://openalex.org/W2605993734","https://openalex.org/W2793607270","https://openalex.org/W2883785482","https://openalex.org/W2962709657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2773669089","https://openalex.org/W2470976061","https://openalex.org/W3119699729","https://openalex.org/W1550000018","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2491296407","https://openalex.org/W2991267916","https://openalex.org/W2915425315","https://openalex.org/W2312611768","https://openalex.org/W2777757149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"the":[1,27,48,54,83,116,122,131,139,161],"new":[2,7,19],"generation":[3],"of":[4,29,50,63,75,103,118,124,159],"cellular":[5],"networks,":[6],"architectures":[8],"are":[9,69],"being":[10],"examined":[11],"to":[12,25,34,46],"improve":[13],"performance.":[14],"Fog":[15],"communication":[16],"is":[17,147],"a":[18,43,100,144,149],"paradigm":[20],"that":[21,87,96,137],"has":[22,85],"been":[23],"presented":[24],"exploit":[26],"power":[28,56],"edge":[30],"computing":[31],"in":[32,71,108,157,168],"regards":[33],"throughput":[35],"and":[36,59],"latency.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39,93],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"introduce":[42],"mathematical":[44],"model":[45],"examine":[47],"performance":[49,141],"such":[51],"proposals.":[52],"Specifically,":[53],"delay,":[55],"consumption":[57],"(PC)":[58],"energy":[60],"efficiency":[61],"(EE)":[62],"fog":[64,126,145,166,169],"radio":[65,78],"access":[66,79],"networks":[67,80],"(F-RANs)":[68],"tested":[70],"comparison":[72,109],"with":[73,110],"those":[74],"traditional":[76,112],"cloud":[77,113],"(C-RANs).":[81],"Although":[82],"literature":[84],"shown":[86],"F-RANs":[88],"provide":[89],"enhanced":[90],"delay":[91,140],"performance,":[92],"paper":[94,134],"shows":[95,136],"they":[97],"also":[98,135],"consume":[99],"large":[101],"amount":[102],"power,":[104],"degrading":[105],"their":[106,111],"EE":[107],"counterparts.":[114],"However,":[115],"level":[117],"degradation":[119],"depends":[120],"on":[121],"number":[123],"deployed":[125],"devices,":[127],"which":[128],"directly":[129],"influence":[130],"PC.":[132],"This":[133],"improving":[138],"by":[142],"using":[143],"architecture":[146],"not":[148],"straightforward":[150],"process":[151],"but":[152],"rather":[153],"requires":[154],"particular":[155],"care":[156],"terms":[158],"choosing":[160],"appropriate":[162],"mode":[163],"when":[164],"placing/installing":[165],"functions":[167],"devices.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}