{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963631679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930203","title":"Multi-Process Training GAN for Identity-Preserving Face Synthesis","display_name":"Multi-Process Training GAN for Identity-Preserving Face Synthesis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963631679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930203","mag":"2963631679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930203","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08768064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08768064.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101881596","display_name":"Zhiyong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3974-1271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972209","display_name":"Jianbing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-5749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-5749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076604839","display_name":"Zhongcai Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-8591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongcai Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050439131","display_name":"Xiao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-426X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-426X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041011902","display_name":"Baoshuang Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7570-3948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoshuang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5084,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69198671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"97641","last_page":"97652"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7685468196868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.568061351776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.538788914680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5256794095039368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5040270686149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.49154552817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.4793189764022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4626511037349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3791004419326782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7685468196868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.568061351776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.538788914680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5256794095039368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5040270686149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.49154552817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.4793189764022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4626511037349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3791004419326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930203","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08768064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1490829652154fbca88d239aff88d834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1490829652154fbca88d239aff88d834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 97641-97652 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2930203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2930203","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08768064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1783895457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0802703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5706985488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"973 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327563","funder_display_name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6738579801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0802703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327563","funder_display_name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327563","display_name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509966554","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1916406603","https://openalex.org/W1935685005","https://openalex.org/W1949778830","https://openalex.org/W1955369839","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2131024102","https://openalex.org/W2153169342","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2566832195","https://openalex.org/W2584229793","https://openalex.org/W2621350877","https://openalex.org/W2737047298","https://openalex.org/W2753407461","https://openalex.org/W2798748382","https://openalex.org/W2799209711","https://openalex.org/W2808174311","https://openalex.org/W2902483944","https://openalex.org/W2949399848","https://openalex.org/W2950776302","https://openalex.org/W2962741254","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962928367","https://openalex.org/W2963100452","https://openalex.org/W2963226019","https://openalex.org/W2963426391","https://openalex.org/W2963522749","https://openalex.org/W2963567641","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W2964171387","https://openalex.org/W2964176417","https://openalex.org/W2964337551","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W4295274059","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6630649318","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639118987","https://openalex.org/W6640455264","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6641173728","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6679513098","https://openalex.org/W6687500345","https://openalex.org/W6718140377","https://openalex.org/W6729482032","https://openalex.org/W6729881831","https://openalex.org/W6731602930","https://openalex.org/W6736155344","https://openalex.org/W6736736346","https://openalex.org/W6739139180","https://openalex.org/W6743905813","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6747400857","https://openalex.org/W6756541431","https://openalex.org/W6757146666","https://openalex.org/W6779669310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582295320","https://openalex.org/W2174759944","https://openalex.org/W2060809589","https://openalex.org/W3109786615","https://openalex.org/W4210771477","https://openalex.org/W2113492357","https://openalex.org/W2990948995","https://openalex.org/W2081348959","https://openalex.org/W3080983534","https://openalex.org/W2132337154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"the":[1,14,65,143,166,184],"advent":[2],"of":[3,17,193],"generative":[4],"adversarial":[5],"networks":[6],"(GANs)":[7],"in":[8,42,85],"synthesizing":[9],"identity-preserving":[10,34,129],"faces":[11],"has":[12],"aroused":[13],"considerable":[15],"interest":[16],"many":[18],"scholars.":[19],"However,":[20],"face":[21,35,209],"attribute":[22],"representation":[23,164],"learning,":[24],"which":[25,62],"is":[26,99,196],"explicitly":[27],"disentangled":[28,66,118,136,163],"from":[29,165],"identity":[30,133,182],"feature":[31,110,134,138,158],"and":[32,40,69,114,135,171,200,214],"synthesizes":[33],"images":[36,105,210],"with":[37,50,131],"high":[38,178,191,212],"diversity":[39,179,213],"quality":[41,215],"other":[43,72],"datasets,":[44],"still":[45],"remains":[46],"challenging.":[47],"To":[48],"cope":[49],"that,":[51],"this":[52,194],"paper":[53],"proposes":[54],"multi-process":[55],"training":[56,88,92,147,169,188],"GAN,":[57],"or":[58],"MP-GAN":[59,90,206],"for":[60],"short,":[61],"significantly":[63,221],"improves":[64],"representation,":[67],"diversity,":[68],"quality.":[70],"Unlike":[71],"existing":[73],"single-process":[74],"models":[75],"that":[76,106,176,205],"map":[77],"noise":[78],"to":[79,100,121],"a":[80,86,123,173],"final":[81,144,185],"output":[82,145,186],"resolution":[83,104,125,146,168,187],"image":[84,130,175],"single":[87],"process,":[89],"divides":[91],"into":[93],"multiple":[94],"processes.":[95],"The":[96,149,190],"main":[97],"idea":[98],"first":[101],"generate":[102,122,208],"lower":[103,108,167],"contain":[107],"frequency":[109],"information":[111],"through":[112],"competition":[113],"then":[115],"extract":[116],"their":[117],"facial":[119,137,157],"features":[120],"higher":[124],"image.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"an":[128],"real":[132],"could":[139],"be":[140],"generated":[141],"at":[142,183],"process.":[148,189],"distinct":[150],"benefits":[151],"are":[152],"not":[153],"only":[154],"getting":[155],"diverse":[156],"generation":[159],"but":[160,180],"also":[161],"achieving":[162],"processes":[170],"rendering":[172],"photo-realistic":[174],"contains":[177],"preserves":[181],"performance":[192],"method":[195],"highlighted":[197],"by":[198],"quantitative":[199],"qualitative":[201],"comparisons.":[202],"We":[203],"conclude":[204],"can":[207],"featuring":[211],"while":[216],"efficiently":[217],"preserving":[218],"identity,":[219],"thereby":[220],"outperforming":[222],"most":[223],"modern":[224],"advanced":[225],"methods.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
