{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2957995844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929305","title":"Joint Compressed Sensing and Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm for Pilot Allocation in Underwater Acoustic OFDM Systems","display_name":"Joint Compressed Sensing and Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm for Pilot Allocation in Underwater Acoustic OFDM Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2957995844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929305","mag":"2957995844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929305","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08764546.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08764546.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070140110","display_name":"Rongkun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-5396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongkun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-5396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029199287","display_name":"Xuetian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0350-5461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuetian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044419947","display_name":"Shan Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-8671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051339131","display_name":"Jiafei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-3301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiafei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-3301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697542","display_name":"Xiaoran Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2609-3554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoran Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.64,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88763679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"95779","last_page":"95796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.7812873125076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whale","display_name":"Whale","score":0.7680855989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.742956817150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.715719997882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.6634387969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5905739665031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.5196196436882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49028995633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustics","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","score":0.43044331669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.4102478623390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2783516049385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2525181174278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1306772232055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12714573740959167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1086028516292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery","display_name":"Fishery","score":0.07456743717193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.07447069883346558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.7812873125076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777704720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1865281","display_name":"Whale","level":2,"score":0.7680855989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.742956817150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.715719997882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.6634387969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5905739665031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5196196436882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49028995633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67467970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292425","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","level":3,"score":0.43044331669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.4102478623390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2783516049385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2525181174278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1306772232055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12714573740959167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1086028516292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.07456743717193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.07447069883346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929305","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08764546.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9280f325703144a3ad6a63eac4d9b513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9280f325703144a3ad6a63eac4d9b513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 95779-95796 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929305","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08764546.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1045120008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5866456736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5930622031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018M631356","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2957995844.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2957995844.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W883434633","https://openalex.org/W1457003234","https://openalex.org/W1572337035","https://openalex.org/W1964437179","https://openalex.org/W1994925753","https://openalex.org/W2012115555","https://openalex.org/W2051397518","https://openalex.org/W2053239556","https://openalex.org/W2055183255","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2073082177","https://openalex.org/W2076925310","https://openalex.org/W2078220650","https://openalex.org/W2082966448","https://openalex.org/W2084229954","https://openalex.org/W2097323375","https://openalex.org/W2101338487","https://openalex.org/W2104266187","https://openalex.org/W2116148865","https://openalex.org/W2117029045","https://openalex.org/W2118152882","https://openalex.org/W2125455772","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2129108650","https://openalex.org/W2131665779","https://openalex.org/W2133556217","https://openalex.org/W2133698785","https://openalex.org/W2143560894","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2163647067","https://openalex.org/W2164452299","https://openalex.org/W2168625863","https://openalex.org/W2242084228","https://openalex.org/W2289917018","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2316286409","https://openalex.org/W2319558922","https://openalex.org/W2351739404","https://openalex.org/W2395152914","https://openalex.org/W2542691202","https://openalex.org/W2553852618","https://openalex.org/W2557036821","https://openalex.org/W2596355100","https://openalex.org/W2605396865","https://openalex.org/W2613613071","https://openalex.org/W2725919984","https://openalex.org/W2734898034","https://openalex.org/W2738079424","https://openalex.org/W2749279908","https://openalex.org/W2760225670","https://openalex.org/W2777341133","https://openalex.org/W2782136875","https://openalex.org/W2782150263","https://openalex.org/W2795289986","https://openalex.org/W2809674112","https://openalex.org/W2886499297","https://openalex.org/W2888248957","https://openalex.org/W2899335073","https://openalex.org/W2900105190","https://openalex.org/W2901216762","https://openalex.org/W2905366447","https://openalex.org/W2909817932","https://openalex.org/W2911198388","https://openalex.org/W2912459587","https://openalex.org/W2913093894","https://openalex.org/W2915097532","https://openalex.org/W2916842350","https://openalex.org/W2917579890","https://openalex.org/W2962845584","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W3027712132","https://openalex.org/W4250503569","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W6634238310","https://openalex.org/W6677584844","https://openalex.org/W6712399192","https://openalex.org/W6778154790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007853953","https://openalex.org/W4399246920","https://openalex.org/W1989468614","https://openalex.org/W4392005006","https://openalex.org/W4233368552","https://openalex.org/W2965460829","https://openalex.org/W3134238053","https://openalex.org/W2884189257","https://openalex.org/W4399181284","https://openalex.org/W2389431337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,52],"underwater":[1],"acoustic-orthogonal":[2],"frequency":[3],"division":[4],"multiplexing":[5],"(UWA-OFDM)":[6],"systems,":[7],"the":[8,20,29,55,59,72,113,120,145,150,177,185,190,197,209,213],"performance":[9,182],"of":[10,22,58,74,82,115,122,200],"channel":[11,143,174,224],"estimation":[12,225],"is":[13,40,64,86,102,117,167,217],"significantly":[14],"affected":[15],"by":[16],"pilot":[17,30,105,162,201,221],"allocation":[18,106,163,202,222],"in":[19,107,196,226],"framework":[21],"compressed":[23],"sensing":[24],"(CS).":[25],"However,":[26],"for":[27,104,142,223],"optimizing":[28],"allocation,":[31],"an":[32,79],"exhaustive":[33],"search":[34,45],"method":[35,46],"over":[36,125],"all":[37],"possible":[38],"allocations":[39],"computationally":[41],"prohibitive":[42],"and":[43,77,137,160,173,193],"random":[44],"may":[47],"not":[48],"ensure":[49],"convergence":[50,181],"accuracy.":[51],"this":[53,68],"paper,":[54],"meta-heuristic":[56,128],"algorithm":[57,62,96,148,154,216],"whale":[60],"optimization":[61,90,158],"(WOA)":[63],"employed":[65],"to":[66,132,219],"address":[67],"issue.":[69],"For":[70],"reinforcing":[71],"capability":[73],"balancing":[75],"exploration":[76],"exploitation,":[78],"enhanced":[80],"variant":[81],"WOA":[83],"termed":[84],"EWOA":[85,100,116],"presented":[87],"with":[88,99,169,189],"four":[89],"strategies.":[91],"After":[92],"that,":[93],"a":[94],"joint":[95],"combining":[97],"CS":[98],"(CS-EWOA)":[101],"proposed":[103,146,214],"UWA-OFDM":[108,227],"systems.":[109,228],"Through":[110],"extensive":[111],"simulations,":[112],"improvement":[114],"demonstrated":[118],"on":[119],"majority":[121],"benchmark":[123],"functions":[124],"other":[126],"well-known":[127],"algorithms.":[129],"With":[130],"regard":[131],"bit":[133],"error":[134,140],"rate":[135],"(BER)":[136],"mean":[138],"square":[139],"(MSE)":[141],"estimation,":[144],"CS-EWOA":[147,178,215],"outperforms":[149],"equispaced,":[151],"random,":[152],"genetic":[153],"(GA),":[155],"particle":[156],"swarm":[157],"(PSO),":[159],"WOA-based":[161,194],"methods.":[164],"Moreover,":[165],"it":[166],"robust":[168],"varying":[170],"system":[171],"subcarriers":[172],"models.":[175],"Furthermore,":[176],"exhibits":[179],"superior":[180],"without":[183],"increasing":[184],"computational":[186],"complexity":[187],"compared":[188],"GA-,":[191],"PSO-,":[192],"methods":[195],"iteration":[198],"process":[199],"optimization.":[203],"It":[204],"can":[205],"be":[206],"concluded":[207],"from":[208],"simulation":[210],"results":[211],"that":[212],"competitive":[218],"optimize":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}