{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2959783813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929089","title":"A Digital Game-Based Learning Method to Improve Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary Science","display_name":"A Digital Game-Based Learning Method to Improve Students\u2019 Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary Science","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2959783813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929089","mag":"2959783813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08764331.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08764331.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044221988","display_name":"Mahmood H. Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-3907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood H. Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-3907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074786296","display_name":"Siew Hock Ow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4401-6405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siew Hock Ow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032205812","display_name":"Loh Sau Cheong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5962-6815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loh Sau Cheong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090772316","display_name":"Meow\u2010Keong Thong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-7910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meow-Keong Thong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044221988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.8525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9793498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"96309","last_page":"96318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7235788702964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-based-learning","display_name":"Game based learning","score":0.6877661943435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5925864577293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking","display_name":"Critical thinking","score":0.4999964237213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.4814866781234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/21st-century-skills","display_name":"21st century skills","score":0.46402695775032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.4160434603691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-learning","display_name":"Digital learning","score":0.41096267104148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.340298056602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20969465374946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16070187091827393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7235788702964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982948194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Game based learning","level":2,"score":0.6877661943435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5925864577293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.4999964237213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4814866781234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778308277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25304922","display_name":"21st century skills","level":2,"score":0.46402695775032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.4160434603691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780468074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16628824","display_name":"Digital learning","level":2,"score":0.41096267104148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.340298056602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20969465374946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16070187091827393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08764331.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ed03ea987614bd98784b61464f8e904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ed03ea987614bd98784b61464f8e904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 96309-96318 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2929089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08764331.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2959783813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2959783813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W320900357","https://openalex.org/W637581729","https://openalex.org/W897620132","https://openalex.org/W1463266149","https://openalex.org/W1653240813","https://openalex.org/W1659005211","https://openalex.org/W1671514391","https://openalex.org/W1963877316","https://openalex.org/W1979669792","https://openalex.org/W1981593684","https://openalex.org/W2006014250","https://openalex.org/W2008021971","https://openalex.org/W2011942362","https://openalex.org/W2014627836","https://openalex.org/W2022190765","https://openalex.org/W2041068616","https://openalex.org/W2043550690","https://openalex.org/W2062737188","https://openalex.org/W2068690371","https://openalex.org/W2081881269","https://openalex.org/W2083554603","https://openalex.org/W2087246665","https://openalex.org/W2089013358","https://openalex.org/W2090561727","https://openalex.org/W2100822554","https://openalex.org/W2103573772","https://openalex.org/W2106760415","https://openalex.org/W2109476181","https://openalex.org/W2121214024","https://openalex.org/W2123219869","https://openalex.org/W2123471895","https://openalex.org/W2124074613","https://openalex.org/W2127076710","https://openalex.org/W2134778201","https://openalex.org/W2156694694","https://openalex.org/W2158826560","https://openalex.org/W2172788608","https://openalex.org/W2290592478","https://openalex.org/W2346854578","https://openalex.org/W2358949323","https://openalex.org/W2471044591","https://openalex.org/W2945977570","https://openalex.org/W2964347905","https://openalex.org/W4293157137","https://openalex.org/W4294115107","https://openalex.org/W6611294116","https://openalex.org/W6678283156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560298883","https://openalex.org/W2142559928","https://openalex.org/W3202489557","https://openalex.org/W1567609172","https://openalex.org/W2148732511","https://openalex.org/W2920204892","https://openalex.org/W2907388307","https://openalex.org/W2993627556","https://openalex.org/W3217289882","https://openalex.org/W4308524150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"this":[1,88,199],"paper,":[2],"an":[3,68],"educational":[4,209],"computer":[5],"game":[6],"called":[7],"Ecoship":[8,138],"Endeavour":[9,139],"was":[10,50,150],"designed":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13,161],"the":[14,17,38,41,53,100,106,110,121,127,142,154,177,181,208,213],"guidelines":[15],"of":[16,40,55,67,74,130,146,180,190,198,215],"inquiry,":[18],"communication,":[19],"mystery,":[20],"decision":[21],"making,":[22],"challenge,":[23],"and":[24,65,103,109,124,165,193,205],"rewards":[25],"(ICMDCR)":[26],"framework":[27],"to":[28,85,99,120,175,211],"help":[29,202],"facilitate":[30],"critical":[31,143,221],"thinking":[32,144],"skills":[33,145],"in":[34,52,63,87,207,218],"students.":[35],"To":[36],"examine":[37,176],"effectiveness":[39,214],"proposed":[42,182],"digital":[43],"game-based":[44],"learning":[45,89,163],"(DGBL)":[46],"approach,":[47],"a":[48],"quasi-experiment":[49],"conducted":[51],"units":[54],"\u201cfood":[56],"relationship":[57],"among":[58],"living":[59],"things\u201d,":[60],"\u201clife":[61],"processes":[62],"plants\u201d,":[64],"\u201cenergy\u201d":[66],"elementary":[69],"science":[70,131,168],"course.":[71],"A":[72],"total":[73],"127":[75],"fifth":[76],"grade":[77],"students":[78],"(females":[79],"only)":[80],"from":[81],"four":[82],"classes":[83,92,113],"consented":[84],"participate":[86],"activity.":[90],"Two":[91],"($N":[93,114],"=":[94,115],"62$":[95],")":[96,117],"were":[97,118],"assigned":[98],"experimental":[101,134],"group":[102,123],"guided":[104],"by":[105,126],"developed":[107],"game,":[108],"other":[111],"two":[112],"65$":[116],"allocated":[119],"control":[122],"taught":[125],"conventional":[128],"method":[129,183],"teaching.":[132],"The":[133,196],"results":[135],"revealed":[136,152],"that":[137,153],"significantly":[140],"improved":[141],"students;":[147],"however,":[148],"it":[149],"also":[151],"DGBL":[155],"activity":[156],"had":[157],"no":[158],"significant":[159],"effects":[160],"students'":[162,220],"motivation":[164],"self-efficacy":[166],"for":[167],"learning.":[169],"Finally,":[170],"more":[171,185],"research":[172,187,200],"is":[173],"needed":[174],"instructional":[178],"benefits":[179],"with":[184],"inclusive":[186],"samples":[188],"consisting":[189],"both":[191],"male":[192],"female":[194],"learners.":[195],"outcome":[197],"may":[201],"researchers,":[203],"teachers,":[204],"practitioners":[206],"sector":[210],"evaluate":[212],"serious":[216],"games":[217],"facilitating":[219],"thinking.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2019-07-23T00:00:00"}