{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2960233135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928817","title":"Electro-Thermal Fault Diagnosis Method of RAPO Vegetable Oil Transformer Based on Characteristic Gas and Ratio Criterion","display_name":"Electro-Thermal Fault Diagnosis Method of RAPO Vegetable Oil Transformer Based on Characteristic Gas and Ratio Criterion","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2960233135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928817","mag":"2960233135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2928817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928817","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08763937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08763937.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080977702","display_name":"Haoxi Cong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2443-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoxi Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2443-7931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101048446","display_name":"Shiyue Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyue Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Center, State Grid Xinyuan Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Center, State Grid Xinyuan Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070766249","display_name":"Qingmin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-3980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingmin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026791317","display_name":"Jianben Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianben Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7462914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"101147","last_page":"101159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer-oil","display_name":"Transformer oil","score":0.5829318761825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.5212050676345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4831547141075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-gas-analysis","display_name":"Dissolved gas analysis","score":0.4757504165172577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.4721622169017792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.46639296412467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4413435459136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44098618626594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-engineering","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","score":0.43744656443595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel","display_name":"Fossil fuel","score":0.41373181343078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane","display_name":"Methane","score":0.41241392493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.3556984066963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.26542747020721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20201382040977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.20193737745285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1546720266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.14509475231170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10137230157852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09534379839897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.07496112585067749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901418","display_name":"Transformer oil","level":4,"score":0.5829318761825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5212050676345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4831547141075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81818771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787515","display_name":"Dissolved gas analysis","level":5,"score":0.4757504165172577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.4721622169017792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.46639296412467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4413435459136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44098618626594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.43744656443595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.41373181343078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.41241392493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3556984066963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.26542747020721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20201382040977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.20193737745285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1546720266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14509475231170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10137230157852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09534379839897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07496112585067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2928817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928817","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08763937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:25254dcf81264017a54fbdd03a5531f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/25254dcf81264017a54fbdd03a5531f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 101147-101159 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2928817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928817","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08763937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.41999998688697815},{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7750804958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51807061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330345","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2960233135.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2960233135.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1123322564","https://openalex.org/W1971823560","https://openalex.org/W1972165841","https://openalex.org/W2061444656","https://openalex.org/W2074910498","https://openalex.org/W2092573022","https://openalex.org/W2114530239","https://openalex.org/W2115062186","https://openalex.org/W2124363525","https://openalex.org/W2127429090","https://openalex.org/W2148714802","https://openalex.org/W2158856611","https://openalex.org/W2171706994","https://openalex.org/W2342750173","https://openalex.org/W2609531475","https://openalex.org/W4241109732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968384475","https://openalex.org/W2518583941","https://openalex.org/W1874058429","https://openalex.org/W4396855316","https://openalex.org/W2515475704","https://openalex.org/W2584098600","https://openalex.org/W4205574658","https://openalex.org/W2318672239","https://openalex.org/W1977856360","https://openalex.org/W2592105840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,223],"vegetable":[1,49,71,210,237,245],"oil":[2,50,72,211,238,246],"transformer":[3,21],"has":[4],"excellent":[5],"fire":[6],"resistance,":[7],"environmentally":[8],"friendly":[9],"performances":[10],"and":[11,80,98,120,151,185,191,219,239],"electrical":[12,35,75,94],"properties,":[13],"which":[14,126],"is":[15,108,130],"the":[16,23,27,41,89,109,127,136,140,144,148,157,160,170,181,204,216,220,231,241],"development":[17],"direction":[18],"of":[19,43,69,112,125,147,159,189,208,235,244],"oil-filled":[20],"in":[22,143],"future.":[24],"At":[25],"present,":[26],"fault":[28,36,46,60,95,104,179,205,232],"diagnosis":[29,42,206,233],"methods":[30],"are":[31,96,105,194],"limited":[32],"to":[33,52,173,200],"pure":[34,74,77,93,102],"or":[37],"thermal":[38,78,103,123],"fault,":[39,124],"also":[40],"combined":[44,81,116],"electro-thermal":[45,59,113,178],"on":[47,215],"RAPO":[48,70,209,236],"needs":[51],"be":[53,167],"developed.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"an":[58],"experiment":[61],"platform":[62],"was":[63,212],"established.":[64],"gas":[66,111,129,172,182,186,218],"generation":[67],"characteristics":[68],"under":[73,92,101],"faults,":[76,150],"faults":[79,83,114],"electric-thermal":[82],"were":[84],"obtained.":[85],"Results":[86],"show":[87],"that":[88],"characteristic":[90,110,128,171,217],"gases":[91],"methane":[97],"acetylene,":[99],"while":[100],"ethane.":[106],"Ethane":[107],"except":[115],"high":[117],"energy":[118],"breakdown":[119],"low":[121],"temperature":[122,142],"acetylene.":[131],"Carbon":[132],"dioxide":[133,164],"quickly":[134],"reached":[135],"saturation":[137],"solubility":[138],"at":[139],"corresponding":[141],"early":[145],"stage":[146],"above":[149,224],"its":[152],"content":[153],"remained":[154],"stable":[155],"until":[156],"end":[158],"experiment.":[161],"Therefore,":[162],"carbon":[163,192],"could":[165],"not":[166],"used":[168],"as":[169],"diagnose":[174],"faults.":[175],"Under":[176],"different":[177,199],"conditions,":[180],"production":[183,187],"trend":[184],"quantity":[188],"hydrogen":[190],"monoxide":[193],"generally":[195],"similar,":[196],"but":[197],"still":[198],"some":[201],"extent.":[202],"Then,":[203],"method":[207,234],"established":[213],"based":[214],"ratio":[221],"criterion.":[222],"study":[225],"can":[226],"provide":[227],"reference":[228],"for":[229],"establishing":[230],"promoting":[240],"practical":[242],"application":[243],"transformer.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}