{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954631042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2926494","title":"Driving Style Classification Based on Driving Operational Pictures","display_name":"Driving Style Classification Based on Driving Operational Pictures","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954631042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2926494","mag":"2954631042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2926494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2926494","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08754776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08754776.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030291480","display_name":"Guofa Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-4695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guofa Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-4695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056184970","display_name":"Fangping Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangping Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068850333","display_name":"Xingda Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-0357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingda Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-0357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640934","display_name":"Bo Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5114-3771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107117626","display_name":"Shen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7111-8861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675012","display_name":"Paul Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-3931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9187472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"90180","last_page":"90189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.770455002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7171786427497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.660038411617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5559558272361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.49834442138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4328683614730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4246177077293396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.770455002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7171786427497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.660038411617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5559558272361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.49834442138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4328683614730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4246177077293396}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2926494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2926494","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08754776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:562f91500b9940c29122dde44a819b91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/562f91500b9940c29122dde44a819b91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 90180-90189 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2926494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2926494","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08754776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3513525838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018A030310532","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4063558032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31570944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6758567592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KF1801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326925","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7742627185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51805332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326925","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954631042.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954631042.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650480612","https://openalex.org/W1931305913","https://openalex.org/W1967496115","https://openalex.org/W1968525444","https://openalex.org/W1991776037","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2106525823","https://openalex.org/W2156504490","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2329233669","https://openalex.org/W2416451307","https://openalex.org/W2528519388","https://openalex.org/W2554310451","https://openalex.org/W2561848384","https://openalex.org/W2594528106","https://openalex.org/W2611004952","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2745090846","https://openalex.org/W2746721413","https://openalex.org/W2748902594","https://openalex.org/W2767801265","https://openalex.org/W2772752821","https://openalex.org/W2781741376","https://openalex.org/W2792763193","https://openalex.org/W2793233943","https://openalex.org/W2809822040","https://openalex.org/W2901082774","https://openalex.org/W2912665531","https://openalex.org/W2922458387","https://openalex.org/W2934625602","https://openalex.org/W2998768810","https://openalex.org/W3101640299","https://openalex.org/W3104500306","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W6682686508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2018871932","https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W641279757","https://openalex.org/W370975646","https://openalex.org/W1670566515","https://openalex.org/W4242022592","https://openalex.org/W596972243","https://openalex.org/W2149537132","https://openalex.org/W4391621807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurately":[0],"describing":[1],"and":[2,72,92,146],"classifying":[3],"driving":[4,9,27,34,44,68,98,133,144],"style":[5,28,134],"is":[6],"crucial":[7],"for":[8,65],"safety":[10],"intervention":[11],"strategies":[12],"in":[13],"the":[14,50,109,118],"design":[15,138],"of":[16,78,114],"advanced":[17],"driver":[18],"assistance":[19],"systems":[20],"(ADASs).":[21],"This":[22,125],"paper":[23],"presents":[24],"a":[25,128],"novel":[26],"classification":[29],"method":[30],"based":[31,100],"on":[32,101],"constructed":[33],"operational":[35],"pictures":[36],"(DOPs)":[37],"which":[38,135],"map":[39],"sequential":[40],"data":[41],"from":[42],"naturalistic":[43],"into":[45],"2-D":[46],"pictures.":[47],"By":[48],"using":[49],"nested":[51],"time":[52],"window":[53],"method,":[54],"798/1683/1153":[55],"DOPs":[56],"sized":[57],"42":[58],"(features)":[59],"\u00d7":[60],"60":[61],"(seconds)":[62],"were":[63,94],"generated":[64],"three":[66,76],"different":[67],"styles":[69,99],"(low-risk,":[70],"moderate-risk,":[71],"high-risk),":[73],"respectively.":[74],"The":[75,103],"kinds":[77],"neural":[79,84],"network":[80,85],"algorithms,":[81],"i.e.,":[82],"convolutional":[83],"(CNN),":[86],"long":[87],"short-term":[88],"memory":[89],"(LSTM)":[90],"network,":[91],"pretrain-LSTM":[93],"applied":[95],"to":[96,131,142],"recognize":[97],"DOPs.":[102],"results":[104],"showed":[105],"that":[106],"CNN":[107],"performed":[108],"best":[110],"with":[111],"an":[112],"accuracy":[113],"98.5%,":[115],"better":[116],"than":[117],"traditional":[119],"support":[120],"vector":[121],"machine":[122],"(SVM)":[123],"method.":[124],"study":[126],"provides":[127],"new":[129],"perspective":[130],"classify":[132],"may":[136],"help":[137],"ADASs":[139],"operating":[140],"characteristics":[141],"improve":[143],"comfort":[145],"safety.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}