{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953998486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925283","title":"SSDC-DenseNet: A Cost-Effective End-to-End Spectral-Spatial Dual-Channel Dense Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"SSDC-DenseNet: A Cost-Effective End-to-End Spectral-Spatial Dual-Channel Dense Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953998486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925283","mag":"2953998486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2925283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925283","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08746229.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08746229.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102019858","display_name":"Yutong Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-7757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708489","display_name":"Qifan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-9576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qifan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048826290","display_name":"Zexin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-145X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388053","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-2092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102019858"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210125143"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.0822,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9219238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"84876","last_page":"84889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8297938108444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7658108472824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5933200716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5515482425689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5169034004211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4849667549133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.47707974910736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47313204407691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"Cost reduction","score":0.42205071449279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.41728052496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3941729664802551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32514381408691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12466093897819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11522889137268066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8297938108444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7658108472824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5933200716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5515482425689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5169034004211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4849667549133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.47707974910736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47313204407691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.42205071449279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.41728052496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3941729664802551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32514381408691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12466093897819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11522889137268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2925283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925283","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08746229.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c307e2bd2ba9406994df6a176816ac18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c307e2bd2ba9406994df6a176816ac18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 84876-84889 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2925283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925283","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08746229.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1315218501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018HH0070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2330827869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4872122564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"616713","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7174558747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Group","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953998486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953998486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1978149730","https://openalex.org/W2001298023","https://openalex.org/W2004990382","https://openalex.org/W2021006603","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2060477745","https://openalex.org/W2086762254","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2097900616","https://openalex.org/W2118996198","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2169774819","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2257669061","https://openalex.org/W2344581099","https://openalex.org/W2478493250","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2546942002","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2745252301","https://openalex.org/W2765452533","https://openalex.org/W2789886710","https://openalex.org/W2801756535","https://openalex.org/W2822065499","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W4320339642","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6677508755","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6704892966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W3034864990","https://openalex.org/W2343470940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"various":[3],"deep":[4,112],"learning-based":[5],"methods":[6,29,171],"have":[7,19],"been":[8],"applied":[9,117],"in":[10,48],"hyperspectral":[11],"image":[12],"(HSI)":[13],"classification.":[14],"Among":[15],"them,":[16],"spectral-spatial":[17,41,84,88],"approaches":[18,42],"demonstrated":[20],"their":[21],"power":[22],"to":[23,31,39,105,118,124,160],"yield":[24],"high":[25,81],"accuracies.":[26],"However,":[27],"these":[28],"tend":[30],"be":[32],"computationally":[33],"expensive.":[34],"Specifically,":[35],"two":[36],"classic":[37],"ways":[38],"develop":[40],"both":[43,72],"suffer":[44],"from":[45],"significant":[46],"limitations":[47],"cost":[49,74,165],"reduction:":[50],"multi-channel":[51],"networks":[52],"need":[53],"a":[54,68,110,174],"large":[55],"parameter":[56,76],"scale,":[57,77],"and":[58,75,145,163],"3-D":[59,122],"filters":[60,123],"are":[61],"inherent":[62],"of":[63,83,142,154,177],"computational":[64,164,178],"complexity.":[65],"To":[66,95],"establish":[67],"cost-effective":[69],"architecture":[70],"for":[71],"training":[73],"while":[78,172],"maintaining":[79],"the":[80,99,120,126,137,151,155],"accuracy":[82],"techniques,":[85],"an":[86],"end-to-end":[87],"dual-channel":[89],"dense":[90],"network":[91,115],"(SSDC-DenseNet)":[92],"is":[93,103,116],"proposed.":[94],"explore":[96],"high-level":[97],"features,":[98],"densely":[100],"connected":[101],"structure":[102],"introduced":[104],"enable":[106],"deeper":[107],"network.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"2-D":[111],"dual":[113],"channel":[114],"replace":[119],"expensive":[121],"reduce":[125],"model":[127],"scale.":[128],"The":[129,148],"experiments":[130],"were":[131],"conducted":[132],"on":[133],"three":[134],"popular":[135],"datasets:":[136],"Indian":[138],"Pines":[139],"dataset,":[140,144],"University":[141],"Pavia":[143],"Salinas":[146],"dataset.":[147],"results":[149],"demonstrate":[150],"competitive":[152],"performance":[153,162],"proposed":[156],"SSDC-DenseNet":[157],"with":[158,167],"respect":[159],"classification":[161],"compared":[166],"other":[168],"state-of-the-art":[169],"DL-based":[170],"obtaining":[173],"remarkable":[175],"reduction":[176],"cost.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
