{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954806291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925064","title":"Active Current Sharing of a Parallel DC-DC Converters System Using Bat Algorithm Optimized Two-DOF PID Control","display_name":"Active Current Sharing of a Parallel DC-DC Converters System Using Bat Algorithm Optimized Two-DOF PID Control","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954806291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925064","mag":"2954806291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2925064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925064","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08746077.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08746077.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091561050","display_name":"Syuan\u2010Yi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-5596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syuan-Yi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-5596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071624222","display_name":"Bo-Chen Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122179","display_name":"Wistron (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02knfsk89","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122179"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Chen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Design Department I, Wistron Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Design Department I, Wistron Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082040521","display_name":"Tse-An Pu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tse-An Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044246659","display_name":"Chih-Hung Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-5148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hung Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067606293","display_name":"Ruei-Cing Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruei-Cing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091561050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.5419,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93100366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"84757","last_page":"84769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.8067686557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.7834632396697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7596362233161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5832130908966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5551175475120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.5415608286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4985063076019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-loop","display_name":"Current loop","score":0.4859012961387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4795762896537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4424600601196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23634079098701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.2218715250492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.16333109140396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.16045710444450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10567009449005127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.8067686557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.7834632396697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7596362233161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5832130908966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5551175475120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.5415608286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4985063076019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123414225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1422221","display_name":"Current loop","level":3,"score":0.4859012961387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4795762896537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4424600601196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23634079098701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2218715250492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.16333109140396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.16045710444450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10567009449005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2925064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925064","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08746077.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:60159d7f0e004ab88b6fd6c0b4294e0b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/60159d7f0e004ab88b6fd6c0b4294e0b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 84757-84769 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2925064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925064","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08746077.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4983989110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 107-2221-E-003-016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954806291.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954806291.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W332849535","https://openalex.org/W870195662","https://openalex.org/W1908965313","https://openalex.org/W1965161970","https://openalex.org/W1971349319","https://openalex.org/W2026923967","https://openalex.org/W2027228352","https://openalex.org/W2030132134","https://openalex.org/W2041259076","https://openalex.org/W2065563945","https://openalex.org/W2081141627","https://openalex.org/W2089787016","https://openalex.org/W2127086830","https://openalex.org/W2129071329","https://openalex.org/W2134727586","https://openalex.org/W2265503680","https://openalex.org/W2308407318","https://openalex.org/W2314979795","https://openalex.org/W2335284675","https://openalex.org/W2463211655","https://openalex.org/W2469400814","https://openalex.org/W2480061999","https://openalex.org/W2498062500","https://openalex.org/W2535324361","https://openalex.org/W2562297583","https://openalex.org/W2577168336","https://openalex.org/W2600949469","https://openalex.org/W2607940171","https://openalex.org/W2749546756","https://openalex.org/W2765580620","https://openalex.org/W2766606194","https://openalex.org/W2777482433","https://openalex.org/W2784186645","https://openalex.org/W2790101434","https://openalex.org/W2801546810","https://openalex.org/W2839325030","https://openalex.org/W2883948145","https://openalex.org/W2887372916","https://openalex.org/W2894153067","https://openalex.org/W2913896907","https://openalex.org/W2917714160","https://openalex.org/W2920663942","https://openalex.org/W2920674798","https://openalex.org/W2939998100","https://openalex.org/W4255099959","https://openalex.org/W6639924940","https://openalex.org/W6719388048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002388147","https://openalex.org/W3098928304","https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W2394883510","https://openalex.org/W2150958483","https://openalex.org/W2165013373","https://openalex.org/W2121097709","https://openalex.org/W2922503265","https://openalex.org/W2023324176","https://openalex.org/W4313452936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,55,81,120],"current":[4,68,144,150,197],"sharing":[5,198],"method":[6],"to":[7,89,101,130,157,192],"actively":[8],"balance":[9],"the":[10,21,25,29,40,48,52,75,91,97,103,109,115,135,139,143,148,159,164,169,176,183,193,201],"output":[11,41,49,149],"currents":[12,50],"of":[13,28,51,108,114,138,151,166],"parallel":[15],"dc-dc":[16],"converters'":[17],"(PDCC)":[18],"system":[19,31,126,181],"regarding":[20],"demanded":[22],"power.":[23],"First,":[24],"operating":[26],"principle":[27],"PDCC":[30,118],"with":[32,190],"parallel-connected":[33],"bidirectional":[34],"converters":[35],"is":[36,71,87,127],"studied.":[37],"To":[38],"regulate":[39],"voltage":[42,62,194],"in":[43,142,163],"dc":[44],"bus":[45],"and":[46,65,106,132,171,186,196],"share":[47,158],"individual":[53],"converters,":[54],"dual-loop":[56],"control":[57,63,69,78,94,112,125,136,145,180,188],"architecture":[58],"comprising":[59],"an":[60],"outer":[61],"loop":[64],"multiple":[66],"inner":[67],"loops":[70],"designed":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74],"automatic":[76],"master-slave":[77],"scheme.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"feedback-type":[82],"two-degree-of-freedom":[83],"proportional-integral-derivative":[84],"(FB2PID)":[85],"controller":[86,141],"introduced":[88],"obtain":[90],"pulse-width":[92],"modulation":[93],"signals":[95],"for":[96],"converters.":[98],"In":[99],"order":[100],"improve":[102],"dynamic":[104],"response":[105],"robustness":[107],"active":[110],"current-sharing":[111],"performances":[113,199],"FB2PID":[116,124,140,179,187],"controlled":[117,156],"system,":[119],"bat":[121],"algorithm":[122],"(BA)-optimized":[123],"further":[128],"proposed":[129,177],"concurrently":[131],"dynamically":[133],"optimize":[134],"parameters":[137],"loop.":[146],"Thus,":[147],"each":[152],"converter":[153],"can":[154],"be":[155],"demand":[160],"power":[161],"equally":[162],"presence":[165],"uncertainties.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"simulation":[170],"experimental":[172],"results":[173],"reveal":[174],"that":[175],"BA-optimized":[178],"outperforms":[182],"conventional":[184],"PID":[185],"systems":[189],"regard":[191],"regulation":[195],"under":[200],"time-varying":[202],"electric":[203],"load":[204],"condition.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}