{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955071249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2924641","title":"Real-Time Analysis Method and Application of Engagement in Online Independent Learning","display_name":"Real-Time Analysis Method and Application of Engagement in Online Independent Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955071249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2924641","mag":"2955071249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2924641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2924641","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08744530.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08744530.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101451065","display_name":"Su Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-5725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-5725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020313454","display_name":"Shaoming Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6131-3903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoming Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Business College, South China Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Business College, South China Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101965607","display_name":"Hongjiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-600X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393629","display_name":"Yilin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1629-3026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8748,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87584045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"92100","last_page":"92109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9279999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7493035197257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.6531219482421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.5720988512039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.40628674626350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3589758574962616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.2156449556350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11207854747772217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7493035197257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.6531219482421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.5720988512039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.40628674626350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3589758574962616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2156449556350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11207854747772217}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2924641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2924641","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08744530.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c50438aa0b674a4482d601336a1d0eff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c50438aa0b674a4482d601336a1d0eff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 92100-92109 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2924641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2924641","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08744530.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955071249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955071249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121643928","https://openalex.org/W136100484","https://openalex.org/W1522891545","https://openalex.org/W1799214817","https://openalex.org/W1998765884","https://openalex.org/W2074724594","https://openalex.org/W2079092536","https://openalex.org/W2114643243","https://openalex.org/W2143126460","https://openalex.org/W2164330045","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2189075346","https://openalex.org/W2588855640","https://openalex.org/W2618570480","https://openalex.org/W2921209843","https://openalex.org/W6604976979","https://openalex.org/W6677142406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Engagement":[0],"is":[1,184],"an":[2],"important":[3],"factor":[4],"influencing":[5],"the":[6,21,39,44,153,206,216],"effectiveness":[7,207],"and":[8,14,75,85,139,145,150,169,181,196,208,213,219],"quality":[9],"of":[10,38,49,58,87,91,117,132,166,171,210,221],"online":[11,17,22,28,51,65,89,160,172],"learning":[12,23,29,66,77,90,134,147,161,173,194,223],"programs":[13],"how":[15],"satisfied":[16],"learners":[18,140],"are":[19,175],"with":[20],"experience.":[24],"Therefore,":[25],"when":[26],"developing":[27],"programs,":[30],"ways":[31],"to":[32,63,97,177,186,200,204,214],"increase":[33,47,110],"engagement":[34,48,130,190],"should":[35],"be":[36,141,178],"one":[37],"top":[40],"priorities.":[41],"To":[42],"determine":[43],"parameters":[45,108,131,158],"that":[46,103,109,174],"independent":[50,133],"learners,":[52,94],"this":[53,118],"paper":[54],"selects":[55],"three":[56],"types":[57],"quantitative":[59],"data":[60,125],"by":[61,162],"which":[62],"assess":[64],"engagement:":[67],"video":[68,71,202],"playing":[69],"options,":[70],"lecture":[72],"viewing":[73],"time,":[74],"concurrent":[76],"behaviors.":[78],"This":[79],"data,":[80],"collected":[81],"from":[82],"real-time":[83,100],"observation":[84],"analysis":[86],"authentic":[88],"14,000":[92],"adult":[93],"was":[95],"used":[96],"run":[98],"a":[99,105],"growth":[101],"algorithm":[102,154],"determined":[104],"few":[106,114],"key":[107],"independent-learning":[111],"engagement.":[112],"A":[113],"primary":[115],"results":[116],"study":[119],"are:":[120],"1)":[121],"real-time,":[122],"dynamically":[123,187],"calculated":[124],"representing":[126],"general":[127],"or":[128],"individual":[129],"can":[135,155],"help":[136],"both":[137],"teachers":[138],"aware":[142],"of,":[143],"recognize,":[144],"adjust":[146],"status":[148],"accurately":[149],"effectively;":[151],"2)":[152],"identify":[156],"optimal":[157,222],"for":[159],"analyzing":[163],"numerical":[164],"values":[165],"engagement,":[167],"rules,":[168],"characteristics":[170],"difficult":[176],"observed":[179],"directly;":[180],"3)":[182],"it":[183],"necessary":[185],"analyze":[188],"learners'":[189],"based":[191],"on":[192],"their":[193],"processes":[195],"behaviors":[197],"in":[198],"response":[199],"different":[201],"lectures":[203],"know":[205],"feasibility":[209],"such":[211],"materials":[212],"support":[215],"design,":[217],"production,":[218],"modification":[220],"materials.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}