{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953291260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923882","title":"An Energy-Optimization Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering in 3D WSNs","display_name":"An Energy-Optimization Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering in 3D WSNs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953291260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923882","mag":"2953291260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923882","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070218627","display_name":"Zhidong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-3732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhidong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangdian Smart City Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangdian Smart City Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043575461","display_name":"Duoshui Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-0963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duoshui Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-0963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020895211","display_name":"Guohua Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohua Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062653886","display_name":"Xiaohong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9357-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.3765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93093144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"80159","last_page":"80173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8009425401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7648893594741821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.7037089467048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6636384725570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.594770073890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5381798148155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.4372369945049286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.36810773611068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34044578671455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27483201026916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13703492283821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07991442084312439}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8009425401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7648893594741821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.7037089467048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6636384725570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.594770073890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5381798148155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.4372369945049286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.36810773611068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34044578671455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27483201026916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13703492283821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07991442084312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb7c10ade01544a1937ca450dd0ed27c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb7c10ade01544a1937ca450dd0ed27c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 80159-80173 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8410770753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1709212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W775326785","https://openalex.org/W2099751474","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2119545161","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2155492251","https://openalex.org/W2196971183","https://openalex.org/W2291439156","https://openalex.org/W2394746845","https://openalex.org/W2518925626","https://openalex.org/W2557479526","https://openalex.org/W2739837320","https://openalex.org/W2750826354","https://openalex.org/W2756093363","https://openalex.org/W2771270710","https://openalex.org/W2796286502","https://openalex.org/W2798046670","https://openalex.org/W2803361357","https://openalex.org/W2803484516","https://openalex.org/W2807182698","https://openalex.org/W2887539870","https://openalex.org/W2887642892","https://openalex.org/W2899876887","https://openalex.org/W2905081755","https://openalex.org/W2907175961","https://openalex.org/W2909853079","https://openalex.org/W2909996676","https://openalex.org/W2913222812","https://openalex.org/W2916634706","https://openalex.org/W6751916002","https://openalex.org/W6753508377","https://openalex.org/W6757261475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2890570089","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W2295628284","https://openalex.org/W4292477917","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W145760256","https://openalex.org/W2028086369","https://openalex.org/W2123841989","https://openalex.org/W2111773953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"important":[1],"issue":[2],"in":[3,72,123,156,221],"the":[4,31,43,50,55,59,73,93,97,100,117,134,138,145,151,160,168,174,179,186,194,219],"three-dimensional":[5],"(3D)":[6],"wireless":[7],"sensor":[8,12],"networks":[9],"(WSNs)":[10],"is":[11,164,205,214],"energy":[13,33,52,70,135,170],"optimization.":[14],"To":[15,75],"alleviate":[16,76],"this":[17,77],"issue,":[18],"we":[19,79,142],"introduce":[20],"a":[21,38,106,109,120,124,128],"new":[22,39],"3D":[23,222],"spherical":[24],"network":[25,195],"structure":[26],"model,":[27],"and":[28,48,87,127,159,171],"by":[29,63],"combining":[30],"original":[32],"consumption":[34,71,136],"model":[35],"to":[36,41,104,115,132,149,177,193],"construct":[37],"method":[40,86],"determine":[42],"optimal":[44,146,161,187],"number":[45],"of":[46,58,99,119,137,153,173,185,215],"clusters":[47,60],"balance":[49,133],"total":[51],"consumption.":[53],"Since":[54],"different":[56],"sizes":[57],"are":[61,190],"generated":[62],"traditional":[64],"hierarchical":[65,84],"clustering,":[66,108],"it":[67],"causes":[68],"unbalanced":[69],"network.":[74,139],"problem,":[78],"adopt":[80],"an":[81],"improved":[82],"dynamic":[83],"clustering":[85],"implement":[88],"two":[89],"strategies":[90],"that":[91,201],"include":[92],"following":[94],"three":[95],"contributions:":[96],"introduction":[98],"distance":[101],"similarity":[102],"index":[103],"get":[105],"better":[107],"double":[110],"cluster":[111,121,155],"head":[112,122],"(CH)":[113],"strategy":[114],"reduce":[116],"load":[118],"large":[125],"cluster,":[126],"node":[129],"dormancy":[130],"mechanism":[131],"In":[140],"addition,":[141],"also":[143],"propose":[144],"cluster-head":[147,162,188],"function":[148,163,189],"select":[150],"CH":[152,180],"each":[154,157],"round,":[158],"constructed":[165],"based":[166],"on":[167],"residual":[169],"positions":[172],"nodes.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"optimize":[178],"election":[181],"strategy,":[182],"several":[183],"parameters":[184],"determined":[191],"according":[192],"structure.":[196],"The":[197],"simulation":[198],"results":[199],"show":[200],"our":[202],"routing":[203],"protocol":[204],"more":[206],"robust":[207],"compared":[208],"with":[209],"four":[210],"other":[211],"protocols,":[212],"which":[213],"great":[216],"significance":[217],"for":[218],"application":[220],"environment":[223],"monitoring.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}