{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950766104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923836","title":"A High-Precision Hybrid Analog and Digital Beamforming Transceiver System for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication","display_name":"A High-Precision Hybrid Analog and Digital Beamforming Transceiver System for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950766104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923836","mag":"2950766104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923836","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08740955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08740955.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101628419","display_name":"Ruoqiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-4355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruoqiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012411142","display_name":"Jianyi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8394-9964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042632279","display_name":"Ji Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-0659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016122036","display_name":"Binqi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2577-848X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binqi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068626618","display_name":"Zhiqiang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-7742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Wave, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101628419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.9812,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94287647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"83012","last_page":"83023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.8550980687141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.773934006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7570452690124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6339699029922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5973805785179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5910099744796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4357945919036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.41974180936813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29876261949539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25244271755218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13064971566200256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.8550980687141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.773934006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7570452690124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6339699029922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5973805785179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5910099744796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4357945919036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.41974180936813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29876261949539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25244271755218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13064971566200256}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923836","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08740955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:60d8a35dc2fd4891b7325cd0074c142e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/60d8a35dc2fd4891b7325cd0074c142e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 83012-83023 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923836","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08740955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2950766104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2950766104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1441715861","https://openalex.org/W1996563809","https://openalex.org/W2002347603","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2247448435","https://openalex.org/W2270735382","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2314924494","https://openalex.org/W2520978967","https://openalex.org/W2553746810","https://openalex.org/W2568472996","https://openalex.org/W2587362299","https://openalex.org/W2587671129","https://openalex.org/W2587991392","https://openalex.org/W2594086714","https://openalex.org/W2611253471","https://openalex.org/W2624494617","https://openalex.org/W2645161951","https://openalex.org/W2734954796","https://openalex.org/W2762835083","https://openalex.org/W2767179702","https://openalex.org/W2780751099","https://openalex.org/W2782661389","https://openalex.org/W2790986675","https://openalex.org/W2802405741","https://openalex.org/W2803793567","https://openalex.org/W2805231505","https://openalex.org/W2887591042","https://openalex.org/W2889815861","https://openalex.org/W2894082761","https://openalex.org/W2905083742","https://openalex.org/W2916692277","https://openalex.org/W3099757519","https://openalex.org/W6734817632","https://openalex.org/W6741306779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783437851","https://openalex.org/W4249165909","https://openalex.org/W1672137312","https://openalex.org/W1650483958","https://openalex.org/W2320869333","https://openalex.org/W1924731896","https://openalex.org/W2724724053","https://openalex.org/W2902017755","https://openalex.org/W4387686915","https://openalex.org/W2953223428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,97],"this":[1,83,136],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,31,76,100,109,115],"development":[4],"of":[5,78,114,135],"a":[6,46,92],"millimeter-wave":[7,15,130],"hybrid":[8],"beamforming":[9,44],"(HBF)":[10],"transceiver":[11,23,49,85,95],"system":[12,24,86],"for":[13],"5G":[14],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[16],"(MIMO)":[17],"communication":[18,103,131],"is":[19,25,59,123],"presented.":[20],"The":[21,61,127],"developed":[22],"operated":[26],"at":[27,56,118],"28-GHz":[28],"band":[29],"in":[30],"time":[32],"division":[33],"duplex":[34],"(TDD)":[35],"mode,":[36],"with":[37,50,105],"500-MHz":[38],"signal":[39],"bandwidth.":[40],"To":[41],"implement":[42],"high":[43],"accuracy,":[45],"phased-array-based":[47],"HBF":[48,84,137],"high-precision":[51],"phase":[52,66],"shifting":[53],"network":[54],"(PSN)":[55],"intermediate-frequency":[57],"(IF)-paths":[58],"proposed.":[60],"designed":[62],"PSN":[63],"has":[64],"8-bit":[65,81],"resolution":[67,90],"within":[68],"360\u00b0":[69],"range":[70],"and":[71,91,125,132],"0.13-dB":[72],"amplitude":[73],"variation.":[74],"With":[75],"use":[77],"such":[79],"low-cost":[80],"PSN,":[82],"achieves":[87],"0.6\u00b0":[88],"beam":[89],"good":[93],"RF":[94],"performance.":[96],"addition,":[98],"under":[99],"over-the-air":[101],"MIMO":[102,133],"test":[104],"two":[106,119],"data":[107],"streams,":[108],"error":[110],"vector":[111],"magnitude":[112],"(EVM)":[113],"received":[116],"signals":[117],"user":[120],"equipment":[121],"(UE)":[122],"2.58%":[124],"2.34%.":[126],"high-data":[128],"rate":[129],"performance":[134],"are":[138],"verified.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
