{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950400685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923794","title":"A Hierarchical Self-Regulation Control for Economic Operation of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid With Hydrogen Energy Storage System","display_name":"A Hierarchical Self-Regulation Control for Economic Operation of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid With Hydrogen Energy Storage System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950400685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923794","mag":"2950400685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923794","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729211","display_name":"H. C. Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-4770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-4770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735745","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003976640","display_name":"Shudan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shudan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954870","display_name":"Weirong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9329-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weirong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410370","display_name":"Hong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-2626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324363362","display_name":"National Development and Reform Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/017a59b72","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324363362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140280","display_name":"National Development and Reform Commission Energy Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03g5dad97","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324363362","https://openalex.org/I4210140280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Development and Reform Commission, Academy of Macroeconomic Research, Beijing, China","National Development and Reform Commission, Energy Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Development and Reform Commission, Academy of Macroeconomic Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324363362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Development and Reform Commission, Energy Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324363362","https://openalex.org/I4210140280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.2242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92116969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"89330","last_page":"89341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11690","display_name":"Advanced battery technologies research","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7378215193748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.6744875907897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.6545782089233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5932696461677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-control","display_name":"Supervisory control","score":0.5439091324806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-storage","display_name":"Hydrogen storage","score":0.48381131887435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4351480007171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.362687885761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33345723152160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.23337891697883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22471719980239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1785774528980255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen","display_name":"Hydrogen","score":0.16391173005104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.09152370691299438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7378215193748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.6744875907897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.6545782089233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5932696461677551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92991967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644329","display_name":"Supervisory control","level":3,"score":0.5439091324806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68044625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203442","display_name":"Hydrogen storage","level":3,"score":0.48381131887435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4351480007171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.362687885761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33345723152160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.23337891697883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22471719980239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1785774528980255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.16391173005104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09152370691299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49324399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466758","display_name":"Voltage divider","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c21c5c52e674ef7b88eb3ed473f934e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c21c5c52e674ef7b88eb3ed473f934e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 89330-89341 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5543313869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1201003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965580123","https://openalex.org/W1968522699","https://openalex.org/W1983743613","https://openalex.org/W2002820907","https://openalex.org/W2012389947","https://openalex.org/W2037055080","https://openalex.org/W2040825792","https://openalex.org/W2068437091","https://openalex.org/W2123892037","https://openalex.org/W2144292666","https://openalex.org/W2146216806","https://openalex.org/W2299192521","https://openalex.org/W2315072154","https://openalex.org/W2318245458","https://openalex.org/W2319292949","https://openalex.org/W2499358387","https://openalex.org/W2502449239","https://openalex.org/W2536200261","https://openalex.org/W2622608011","https://openalex.org/W2624971682","https://openalex.org/W2729938044","https://openalex.org/W2758303957","https://openalex.org/W2761546611","https://openalex.org/W2789281204","https://openalex.org/W2795227909","https://openalex.org/W2796013675","https://openalex.org/W2809160208","https://openalex.org/W2887747362","https://openalex.org/W2891769965","https://openalex.org/W2912560232","https://openalex.org/W6641760313","https://openalex.org/W6699909979","https://openalex.org/W6724525440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349700491","https://openalex.org/W3132792237","https://openalex.org/W3132497606","https://openalex.org/W4210526872","https://openalex.org/W2168694011","https://openalex.org/W2902030441","https://openalex.org/W2996701762","https://openalex.org/W3037384208","https://openalex.org/W1600945217","https://openalex.org/W1932401759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,74,185],"introduction":[1],"of":[2,12,54,95,108,128,144,150,168,181],"hydrogen":[3,98,109],"energy":[4,13,130],"storage":[5,14,99,131],"system":[6,65,88,132,205],"(HESS)":[7],"as":[8],"a":[9,18,29,91],"potential":[10],"form":[11],"systems":[15],"(ESSs)":[16],"has":[17],"significant":[19],"impact":[20],"on":[21,164],"original":[22],"control":[23,32,49,77,81,190],"and":[24,42,101,116,134,147,173,203],"operation.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"presents":[28],"hierarchical":[30],"self-regulation":[31],"method,":[33],"which":[34],"can":[35,66,197],"be":[36],"divided":[37],"into":[38],"the":[39,51,58,64,71,102,160,165,179,182,194,199],"supervisory":[40,47,122],"layer":[41,44,48,76,123,157],"local":[43,75,156],"control.":[45,158],"decides":[50],"output":[52],"power":[53,84,175],"ESSs,":[55],"according":[56],"to":[57,86,113],"operation":[59,72,125,138,171,201],"cost":[60,126,202],"function":[61],"so":[62],"that":[63,193],"reach":[67],"economic":[68],"optimum":[69],"during":[70],"process.":[73],"adopts":[78],"virtual":[79,148],"inertia":[80,143],"with":[82,187],"global":[83],"support":[85],"improve":[87,204],"stability.":[89],"First,":[90],"HESS":[92,135],"model":[93],"composed":[94],"an":[96],"electrolyzer,":[97],"tank,":[100],"fuel":[103],"cell":[104],"is":[105,111],"established.":[106],"SOCH":[107],"tank":[110],"defined":[112],"express":[114],"produced":[115],"consumed":[117],"hydrogen.":[118],"Then,":[119],"aiming":[120],"at":[121],"control,":[124],"functions":[127],"battery":[129],"(BESS)":[133],"under":[136],"different":[137],"modes":[139],"are":[140,153],"built.":[141],"Virtual":[142],"ac":[145],"ESS":[146,152],"capacitance":[149],"dc":[151],"introduced":[154],"for":[155],"Finally,":[159],"simulation":[161],"results":[162],"based":[163],"RT-LAB":[166],"platform":[167],"both":[169],"24-h":[170],"case":[172,177],"step":[174],"change":[176],"verify":[178],"correctness":[180],"proposed":[183,195],"method.":[184],"comparison":[186],"only":[188],"droop":[189],"method":[191,196],"shows":[192],"achieve":[198],"lowest":[200],"inertia.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}