{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951027907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923547","title":"Thyroid Ultrasound Texture Classification Using Autoregressive Features in Conjunction With Machine Learning Approaches","display_name":"Thyroid Ultrasound Texture Classification Using Autoregressive Features in Conjunction With Machine Learning Approaches","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951027907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923547","mag":"2951027907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923547","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08737902.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08737902.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001213570","display_name":"Prabal Poudel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-7963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabal Poudel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-7963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062352480","display_name":"Alfredo Illanes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-0483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Illanes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074132449","display_name":"Elmer Jeto Gomes Ataide","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-8580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmer J. G. Ataide","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039936350","display_name":"Nazila Esmaeili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-9788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazila Esmaeili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045178810","display_name":"Sathish Balakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sathish Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006854061","display_name":"Michael Friebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Friebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.326,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9387266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"79354","last_page":"79365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9440000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9440000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10329","display_name":"Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9241999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7621347904205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7005996108055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5666677951812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid","display_name":"Thyroid","score":0.5220853686332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4840373396873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4575977921485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.4521109163761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3986215591430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.37853896617889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0767551064491272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7621347904205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7005996108055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5666677951812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.5220853686332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4840373396873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4575977921485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.4521109163761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3986215591430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.37853896617889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0767551064491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923547","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08737902.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:04ac7f9b54244765b85796dc09db3812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/04ac7f9b54244765b85796dc09db3812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 79354-79365 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2923547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923547","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08737902.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2012146422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"03IPT7100X","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2951027907.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2951027907.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137456267","https://openalex.org/W576506256","https://openalex.org/W796140504","https://openalex.org/W1494799104","https://openalex.org/W1521990686","https://openalex.org/W1561075814","https://openalex.org/W1955857676","https://openalex.org/W2012284403","https://openalex.org/W2025484710","https://openalex.org/W2043257938","https://openalex.org/W2057994991","https://openalex.org/W2100196352","https://openalex.org/W2103270789","https://openalex.org/W2113275954","https://openalex.org/W2114866336","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2132647655","https://openalex.org/W2132896411","https://openalex.org/W2137227529","https://openalex.org/W2139722593","https://openalex.org/W2147104572","https://openalex.org/W2149254607","https://openalex.org/W2159207032","https://openalex.org/W2184750652","https://openalex.org/W2411584776","https://openalex.org/W2435760661","https://openalex.org/W2594069063","https://openalex.org/W2793712525","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913438937","https://openalex.org/W2943006684","https://openalex.org/W3099514962","https://openalex.org/W6622694228","https://openalex.org/W6679997876","https://openalex.org/W6686288625","https://openalex.org/W6734721309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360784979","https://openalex.org/W1522196789","https://openalex.org/W2204605857","https://openalex.org/W1996489018","https://openalex.org/W2007664797","https://openalex.org/W2120981610","https://openalex.org/W3129669851","https://openalex.org/W2360759360","https://openalex.org/W2065064759","https://openalex.org/W3196005494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81,150],"thyroid":[1,46,64,69,86,112,124,148,181,193,214],"is":[2,14,71,90,119,158],"one":[3],"of":[4,25,51,62,68,78,83,103,152,178,220],"the":[5,10,30,58,63,72,76,79,111,179,192,201,205,225],"largest":[6],"endocrine":[7],"glands":[8],"in":[9,16,57,85,204],"human":[11],"body,":[12],"which":[13],"involved":[15],"several":[17],"body":[18],"mechanisms":[19],"like":[20],"controlling":[21,29],"protein":[22],"synthesis,":[23],"use":[24,209],"energy":[26],"sources,":[27],"and":[28,38,60,106,142,194],"body's":[31],"sensitivity":[32],"to":[33,44,121,146,184,212],"other":[34],"hormones.":[35],"Thyroid":[36],"segmentation":[37,77],"volume":[39],"reconstruction":[40],"are":[41],"hence":[42],"essential":[43],"diagnose":[45],"related":[47],"diseases":[48,53],"as":[49,95,207],"most":[50],"these":[52,156],"involve":[54],"a":[55,115,161,175],"change":[56],"shape":[59],"size":[61],"over":[65],"time.":[66],"Classification":[67],"texture":[70,84,108],"first":[73],"step":[74],"toward":[75],"thyroid.":[80],"classification":[82],"Ultrasound":[87],"(US)":[88],"images":[89,183],"not":[91],"an":[92,218],"easy":[93],"task":[94],"it":[96],"suffers":[97],"from":[98,200],"low":[99],"image":[100],"contrast,":[101],"presence":[102],"speckle":[104],"noise,":[105],"non-homogeneous":[107],"distribution":[109],"inside":[110],"region.":[113],"Hence,":[114],"robust":[116],"algorithmic":[117],"approach":[118,163,198],"required":[120],"accurately":[122],"classify":[123,147],"texture.":[125,149],"In":[126],"this":[127],"paper,":[128],"we":[129],"propose":[130],"three":[131,226],"machine":[132],"learning":[133],"based":[134,159],"approaches:":[135],"Support":[136],"Vector":[137],"Machine;":[138],"Artificial":[139],"Neural":[140],"Network;":[141],"Random":[143],"Forest":[144],"Classifier":[145],"computation":[151],"features":[153,189,211],"for":[154,190],"training":[155],"classifiers":[157],"on":[160,174],"novel":[162],"recently":[164],"proposed":[165,203],"by":[166],"our":[167],"team,":[168],"where":[169],"autoregressive":[170],"modeling":[171],"was":[172],"applied":[173],"signal":[176],"version":[177],"2D":[180],"US":[182],"compute":[185],"30":[186],"spectral":[187],"energy-based":[188],"classifying":[191],"non-thyroid":[195],"textures.":[196],"Our":[197],"differs":[199],"methods":[202],"literature":[206],"they":[208],"image-based":[210],"characterize":[213],"tissues.":[215],"We":[216],"obtained":[217],"accuracy":[219],"around":[221],"90%":[222],"with":[223],"all":[224],"methods.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}