{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949161208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2921793","title":"Hierarchy Strengthened Grey Wolf Optimizer for Numerical Optimization and Feature Selection","display_name":"Hierarchy Strengthened Grey Wolf Optimizer for Numerical Optimization and Feature Selection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949161208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2921793","mag":"2949161208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2921793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2921793","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08733793.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08733793.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037470287","display_name":"Qiang Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-556X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008951098","display_name":"Xuechen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-2933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuechen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044610505","display_name":"Xingcheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-2205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156464","display_name":"Anhui Xinhua University","ror":"https://ror.org/053d7x641","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156464"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingcheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156464","https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037470287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.6361,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96698185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"78012","last_page":"78028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6013663411140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5851641297340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"Differential evolution","score":0.5842646956443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.563480019569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5407646894454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5286814570426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5227692127227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4655872583389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.43277376890182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3840378522872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32124972343444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26223140954971313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6013663411140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5851641297340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.5842646956443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.563480019569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5407646894454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5286814570426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5227692127227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4655872583389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.43277376890182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3840378522872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32124972343444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26223140954971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2921793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2921793","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08733793.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bab022a6cce44a8188ec765856e30fa3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bab022a6cce44a8188ec765856e30fa3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 78012-78028 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2921793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2921793","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08733793.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477544716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guangdong","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G199872198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6130118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3487674391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4765083334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"618732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7512603316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8651379258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949161208.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949161208.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W609853552","https://openalex.org/W1444952417","https://openalex.org/W1527696706","https://openalex.org/W1561810567","https://openalex.org/W1981552604","https://openalex.org/W1990966828","https://openalex.org/W2002302337","https://openalex.org/W2003890325","https://openalex.org/W2006694777","https://openalex.org/W2013517059","https://openalex.org/W2024092628","https://openalex.org/W2024518622","https://openalex.org/W2030397499","https://openalex.org/W2038523443","https://openalex.org/W2038636021","https://openalex.org/W2050044094","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2095003442","https://openalex.org/W2096166399","https://openalex.org/W2117533322","https://openalex.org/W2123682012","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2134154181","https://openalex.org/W2136632629","https://openalex.org/W2149454052","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2156194072","https://openalex.org/W2168081761","https://openalex.org/W2169064301","https://openalex.org/W2182761707","https://openalex.org/W2185533914","https://openalex.org/W2187537484","https://openalex.org/W2195016578","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2308236655","https://openalex.org/W2398665142","https://openalex.org/W2416614998","https://openalex.org/W2547937424","https://openalex.org/W2566757333","https://openalex.org/W2606704276","https://openalex.org/W2612473079","https://openalex.org/W2616346973","https://openalex.org/W2732796807","https://openalex.org/W2738900493","https://openalex.org/W2757662287","https://openalex.org/W2776226778","https://openalex.org/W2778726590","https://openalex.org/W2779199550","https://openalex.org/W2782513934","https://openalex.org/W2790925524","https://openalex.org/W2797756395","https://openalex.org/W2801536506","https://openalex.org/W2802713807","https://openalex.org/W2889547691","https://openalex.org/W2898961663","https://openalex.org/W2904861085","https://openalex.org/W2905103003","https://openalex.org/W2921734430","https://openalex.org/W3104887532","https://openalex.org/W6686280248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365264209","https://openalex.org/W962203960","https://openalex.org/W2026999166","https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W1996802783","https://openalex.org/W2509431957","https://openalex.org/W4211007821","https://openalex.org/W2802395037","https://openalex.org/W4389565704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grey":[0],"wolf":[1],"optimizer":[2],"(GWO)":[3],"is":[4,30,52,62,79,105,126,144,166,185,209],"an":[5,44],"efficient":[6],"swarm":[7],"intelligence":[8],"algorithm":[9,46,227],"for":[10,81,107,128,174,196,211],"kinds":[11],"of":[12,32,36,60,88,150,183,215,233,241],"optimization":[13,198],"problems.":[14,27],"However,":[15],"GWO":[16,37,50,99,172],"tends":[17],"to":[18,84,110,131,146],"be":[19],"trapped":[20],"in":[21,54,231,239],"local":[22,114],"optimum":[23],"when":[24],"solving":[25],"large-scale":[26,197],"Social":[28],"hierarchy":[29,48],"one":[31],"the":[33,40,58,74,86,93,97,133,136,148,151,156,163,213,225,242],"main":[34],"characteristics":[35],"which":[38],"affect":[39],"searching":[41],"efficiency.":[42,95],"Thus,":[43],"improved":[45],"called":[47],"strengthened":[49],"(HSGWO)":[51],"proposed":[53,164,226],"this":[55],"paper.":[56],"First,":[57],"pack":[59],"wolves":[61,69,83,90,109,130],"roughly":[63],"divided":[64],"into":[65,113],"two":[66],"categories:":[67],"dominant":[68,82],"and":[70,91,100,122,135,153,236],"omega":[71,108,129],"wolves.":[72],"Second,":[73],"enhanced":[75],"elite":[76],"learning":[77],"strategy":[78,104,125],"performed":[80],"prevent":[85],"misguidance":[87],"low-ranking":[89],"improve":[92,155],"collective":[94],"Then,":[96],"hybrid":[98,120],"differential":[101],"evolution":[102],"(DE)":[103],"executed":[106],"avoid":[111],"falling":[112],"optimum.":[115],"In":[116,204],"addition,":[117,205],"a":[118,141,160],"new":[119],"one-dimensional":[121],"total-dimensional":[123],"selection":[124,207],"designed":[127],"balance":[132],"exploration":[134],"exploitation":[137],"during":[138],"optimization.":[139],"Finally,":[140],"perturbed":[142],"operator":[143],"used":[145,210],"maintain":[147],"diversity":[149],"population":[152],"further":[154,186],"exploration.":[157],"To":[158],"make":[159],"complete":[161],"evaluation,":[162],"HSGWO":[165,184,216],"first":[167],"compared":[168],"with":[169,191,200],"six":[170],"representative":[171],"variants":[173],"50-dimensional":[175],"problems":[176,199],"based":[177],"on":[178,217],"CEC2014":[179],"benchmarks.":[180],"The":[181,220],"scalability":[182],"tested":[187],"by":[188],"comparing":[189],"it":[190],"eight":[192],"state-of-the-art":[193],"non-GWO":[194],"algorithms":[195,230],"100":[201],"decision":[202],"variables.":[203],"feature":[206],"problem":[208],"testing":[212],"effectiveness":[214],"real-world":[218],"applications.":[219],"experimental":[221],"results":[222],"demonstrated":[223],"that":[224],"outperforms":[228],"other":[229],"terms":[232],"solution":[234],"quality":[235],"convergence":[237],"rate":[238],"most":[240],"experiments.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
