{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2948967385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2920662","title":"High-Reliability Multi-Agent Q-Learning-Based Scheduling for D2D Microgrid Communications","display_name":"High-Reliability Multi-Agent Q-Learning-Based Scheduling for D2D Microgrid Communications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2948967385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2920662","mag":"2948967385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2920662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2920662","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08730306.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08730306.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036536046","display_name":"Kevin Shimotakahara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Shimotakahara","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049344765","display_name":"Medhat Elsayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1106-6078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Medhat Elsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022904668","display_name":"Karin Hinzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-6288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karin Hinzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089891162","display_name":"Melike Erol\u2010Kantarci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-8457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melike Erol-Kantarci","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036536046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6666,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85443704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"74412","last_page":"74421"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8024880886077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.6570718288421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.572479784488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3rd-generation-partnership-project-2","display_name":"3rd Generation Partnership Project 2","score":0.5451651215553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5158182978630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.452900767326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4372400641441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4372215270996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4221130609512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41066718101501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.2055799961090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.14109453558921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12148886919021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11709365248680115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8024880886077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.6570718288421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.572479784488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177782964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229785","display_name":"3rd Generation Partnership Project 2","level":3,"score":0.5451651215553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5158182978630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.452900767326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4372400641441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4372215270996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4221130609512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41066718101501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.2055799961090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.14109453558921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12148886919021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11709365248680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2920662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2920662","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08730306.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0729f390f3af498aa7608d2d1ad0669c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0729f390f3af498aa7608d2d1ad0669c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 74412-74421 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2920662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2920662","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08730306.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1304196372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2093416420","display_name":"US Ignite: Focus Area 1: An Integrated Reconfigurable Control and Self-Organizing Communication Framework for Advanced Community Resilience Microgrids","funder_award_id":"1647135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4472667909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREATE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5795578552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1647135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6476737010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1647135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6552507291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"497981","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948967385.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948967385.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608206017","https://openalex.org/W1874894131","https://openalex.org/W1880187435","https://openalex.org/W2008668719","https://openalex.org/W2042420160","https://openalex.org/W2047317276","https://openalex.org/W2060458208","https://openalex.org/W2090495398","https://openalex.org/W2094276528","https://openalex.org/W2181435141","https://openalex.org/W2204739649","https://openalex.org/W2322318026","https://openalex.org/W2483325812","https://openalex.org/W2553308163","https://openalex.org/W2563286983","https://openalex.org/W2564595612","https://openalex.org/W2745954503","https://openalex.org/W2755483699","https://openalex.org/W2772664513","https://openalex.org/W2811278923","https://openalex.org/W2883031037","https://openalex.org/W2914453673","https://openalex.org/W2962846391","https://openalex.org/W2990168612","https://openalex.org/W6745673956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W2907234787","https://openalex.org/W4285503559","https://openalex.org/W4206134051","https://openalex.org/W4383747562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,28],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,152,160],"multi-agent":[4],"Q-learning-based":[5],"resource":[6],"allocation":[7],"algorithm":[8,29,99,122,126,150],"that":[9],"allows":[10],"long-term":[11],"evolution":[12],"(LTE)-enabled":[13],"device-to-device":[14],"(D2D)":[15],"communication":[16,38],"agents":[17],"to":[18,40,87],"generate":[19],"the":[20,25,42,46,78,97,103,110,124,167],"orthogonal":[21],"transmission":[22],"schedules":[23],"outside":[24],"network":[26],"coverage.":[27],"reduces":[30],"packet":[31],"drop":[32],"rates":[33],"(PDR)":[34],"in":[35,135,140,151,159,163],"distributed":[36],"D2D":[37],"networks":[39],"meet":[41],"quality-of-service":[43],"requirements":[44],"of":[45,53,82,96,148],"microgrid":[47,144],"communications.":[48],"The":[49,91,146],"data":[50],"traffic":[51,74],"characteristics":[52],"three":[54],"archetypal":[55],"smart":[56],"grid":[57],"applications,":[58],"namely":[59],"demand":[60,155],"response,":[61],"solar,":[62],"and":[63,66,93,137],"generation":[64],"forecasting,":[65],"synchrophasor":[67],"communications,":[68],"were":[69,100],"simulated":[70,153],"under":[71,109],"seven":[72],"different":[73],"congestion":[75],"scenarios,":[76,130],"where":[77],"total":[79],"aggregate":[80],"throughput":[81],"users":[83],"ranged":[84],"from":[85],"50%":[86],"140%":[88],"channel":[89],"utilization.":[90],"PDR":[92,136],"latency":[94,141],"performance":[95],"proposed":[98],"compared":[101],"with":[102],"existing":[104],"random":[105],"self-allocation":[106],"mechanism":[107],"introduced":[108],"Third-Generation":[111],"Partnership":[112],"Project's":[113],"LTE":[114,125],"Release":[115],"12":[116],"standard":[117],"for":[118,127,142],"such":[119],"scenarios.":[120],"Our":[121],"outperformed":[123],"all":[128,143],"tested":[129],"demonstrating":[131],"20%-40%":[132],"absolute":[133],"reductions":[134,139],"10-20-ms":[138],"applications.":[145],"use":[147],"our":[149],"D2D-enabled":[154],"response":[156],"application":[157],"resulted":[158],"hundredfold":[161],"reduction":[162],"power":[164,169],"oscillations":[165],"about":[166],"desired":[168],"flows.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}