{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947131789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919379","title":"Analytical Design Space of Power Amplifiers Including the Class-A/B/J Continuum for Dynamic Load Modulation","display_name":"Analytical Design Space of Power Amplifiers Including the Class-A/B/J Continuum for Dynamic Load Modulation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947131789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919379","mag":"2947131789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2919379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919379","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08723322.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08723322.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031302731","display_name":"Xuekun Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-7641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuekun Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-7641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033466110","display_name":"Mohamed Helaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-0348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Helaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042491115","display_name":"Chang Jiang You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-5883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Jiang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331052","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-5773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085872571","display_name":"Yulong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009708249","display_name":"Jingye Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6892-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingye Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086339362","display_name":"Fadhel M. Ghannouchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadhel M. Ghannouchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent RF Radio Technology Laboratory (iRadio Laboratory), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3503,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5907832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"71933","last_page":"71942"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7689214944839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6191384792327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.5797087550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.48476141691207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4585658311843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38548898696899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36816275119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31083327531814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.17554539442062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1665736734867096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15135470032691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1114467978477478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7689214944839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6191384792327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.5797087550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.48476141691207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4585658311843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38548898696899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36816275119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31083327531814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.17554539442062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1665736734867096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15135470032691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1114467978477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2919379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919379","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08723322.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd9dbe674a1c49079f60104548043024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd9dbe674a1c49079f60104548043024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 71933-71942 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2919379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919379","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08723322.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4139074139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319907","display_name":"Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","ror":"https://ror.org/00ynafe15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325651","display_name":"Alberta Innovates","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947131789.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947131789.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534148036","https://openalex.org/W1550788069","https://openalex.org/W1997569322","https://openalex.org/W2016619688","https://openalex.org/W2044175241","https://openalex.org/W2058492860","https://openalex.org/W2070354155","https://openalex.org/W2078440026","https://openalex.org/W2104183221","https://openalex.org/W2105007723","https://openalex.org/W2123191477","https://openalex.org/W2149445747","https://openalex.org/W2161874091","https://openalex.org/W2165594312","https://openalex.org/W2168142703","https://openalex.org/W2168630414","https://openalex.org/W2361089883","https://openalex.org/W2515689111","https://openalex.org/W2551064222","https://openalex.org/W2581396934","https://openalex.org/W2744159268","https://openalex.org/W2761911301","https://openalex.org/W2781575373","https://openalex.org/W2783083657","https://openalex.org/W2792170234","https://openalex.org/W2810233966","https://openalex.org/W2888130751","https://openalex.org/W2901351533","https://openalex.org/W4249757081","https://openalex.org/W6661516575","https://openalex.org/W6676039881","https://openalex.org/W6726057561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3097847178","https://openalex.org/W609904040","https://openalex.org/W3125204845","https://openalex.org/W2021581299","https://openalex.org/W2483563543","https://openalex.org/W2250707195","https://openalex.org/W2963970486","https://openalex.org/W2048286674","https://openalex.org/W2135814299","https://openalex.org/W1914259766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3,52],"analytical":[4,53,68,109,144],"design":[5,54,69,110,145],"space":[6,55,70,111,146],"of":[7,32,48,71,85,112,120,141,152],"power":[8,87],"amplifiers":[9],"(PAs)":[10],"including":[11],"the":[12,21,30,46,58,97,108,113,127,133,137,142],"Class-A/B/J":[13],"continuum":[14],"for":[15,56],"dynamic":[16,83],"load":[17,33,94,124],"modulation":[18,95,125],"(DLM)":[19],"at":[20,80,96,126,136],"current":[22],"generator":[23],"plane":[24],"(CGP)":[25],"is":[26,78,102,129,147],"proposed":[27,143],"based":[28],"on":[29],"theory":[31,47],"modulated":[34],"(LM)":[35],"continuous":[36],"Class-B/J":[37,62,100],"PAs.":[38],"By":[39],"introducing":[40],"a":[41,81,91,118,153],"biasing":[42],"operation":[43,59],"factor":[44],"\u03c1,":[45],"DLM":[49,72,114],"PAs":[50,73,115],"provides":[51],"all":[57],"modes":[60],"from":[61],"mode":[63,101],"to":[64,131],"Class-A":[65],"mode.":[66],"The":[67,139],"shows":[74,116],"that":[75,117],"high":[76,134],"efficiency":[77,135],"maintained":[79],"large":[82],"range":[84],"output":[86],"back-off":[88],"(OPBO)":[89],"with":[90],"purely":[92],"resistive":[93,121],"CGP":[98,128],"when":[99],"performed.":[103],"For":[104],"deep":[105],"Class-AB":[106],"mode,":[107],"combination":[119],"and":[122],"reactive":[123],"used":[130],"maintain":[132],"OPBO.":[138],"effectiveness":[140],"validated":[148],"by":[149],"load-pull":[150],"measurements":[151],"bare-chip":[154],"gallium":[155],"nitride":[156],"(GaN)":[157],"device.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
