{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947627912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919318","title":"A Digital Metamaterial of Arbitrary Base Based on Voltage Tunable Liquid Crystal","display_name":"A Digital Metamaterial of Arbitrary Base Based on Voltage Tunable Liquid Crystal","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947627912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919318","mag":"2947627912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2919318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919318","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08723393.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08723393.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101837377","display_name":"Yizhe Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-1719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yizhe Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-1719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005443432","display_name":"Cheng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2875-3824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017431187","display_name":"Zelin Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-6897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zelin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068514200","display_name":"Chengyong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7303-5058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengyong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101477069","display_name":"Shuo Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2494-363X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111579735","display_name":"Xiangang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1401-1670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032882089","display_name":"Anyong Qing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7979-3186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anyong Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101837377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5209,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58523216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"79671","last_page":"79676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.8430768847465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biasing","display_name":"Biasing","score":0.7082385420799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.7029551863670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5374850034713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.5297927260398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5223785042762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal","display_name":"Liquid crystal","score":0.5186411738395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5075184106826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4893874526023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4887823760509491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.41223573684692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal-display","display_name":"Liquid-crystal display","score":0.4116436243057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.40104299783706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3739436864852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3338516354560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.2922131419181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19377681612968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1188189685344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09038573503494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06978261470794678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.8430768847465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.7082385420799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.7029551863670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5374850034713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5297927260398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5223785042762756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13274807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989","display_name":"Liquid crystal","level":2,"score":0.5186411738395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5075184106826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4893874526023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4887823760509491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.41223573684692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128019096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83341","display_name":"Liquid-crystal display","level":2,"score":0.4116436243057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.40104299783706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3739436864852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3338516354560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.2922131419181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19377681612968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1188189685344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09038573503494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06978261470794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2919318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919318","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08723393.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f49e35662f9a4c28932f6415c9b9ea4a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f49e35662f9a4c28932f6415c9b9ea4a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 79671-79676 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2919318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919318","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08723393.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947627912.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947627912.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534864144","https://openalex.org/W1596651925","https://openalex.org/W1980873029","https://openalex.org/W1990245077","https://openalex.org/W1992865536","https://openalex.org/W2018945167","https://openalex.org/W2027918153","https://openalex.org/W2033509421","https://openalex.org/W2063227100","https://openalex.org/W2063753556","https://openalex.org/W2065858018","https://openalex.org/W2070161878","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2122765624","https://openalex.org/W2131505577","https://openalex.org/W2133370947","https://openalex.org/W2137064437","https://openalex.org/W2147883547","https://openalex.org/W2217897795","https://openalex.org/W2516622140","https://openalex.org/W2550746673","https://openalex.org/W2603613955","https://openalex.org/W2604719083","https://openalex.org/W2760405786","https://openalex.org/W2769859702","https://openalex.org/W2785264355","https://openalex.org/W3037353812","https://openalex.org/W4251326093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570806970","https://openalex.org/W2174268617","https://openalex.org/W4390331329","https://openalex.org/W2951552468","https://openalex.org/W2045305845","https://openalex.org/W2545051477","https://openalex.org/W2166662560","https://openalex.org/W3021878631","https://openalex.org/W3169542578","https://openalex.org/W4386932413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,44],"digital":[4,17],"metamaterial":[5,18],"of":[6,37,52],"arbitrary":[7],"base":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10],"liquid":[11],"crystal":[12],"(LC)":[13],"is":[14],"proposed.":[15],"The":[16,69],"can":[19],"be":[20],"multiplexed":[21],"for":[22,31],"different":[23,32],"desirable":[24],"functions":[25],"by":[26,75],"properly":[27],"biasing":[28],"the":[29,67],"LC":[30],"code":[33],"patterns.":[34],"Simulation":[35],"results":[36],"two":[38],"common":[39],"functions,":[40],"beam":[41],"steering":[42,45],"with":[43],"elevation":[46],"angle":[47],"27\u00b0":[48],"and":[49],"RCS":[50],"reduction":[51],"at":[53],"least":[54],"10":[55],"dB":[56],"from":[57],"51":[58],"to":[59,65],"56":[60],"GHz,":[61],"have":[62],"been":[63,72],"presented":[64],"prove":[66],"concept.":[68],"feasibility":[70],"has":[71],"further":[73],"confirmed":[74],"preliminary":[76],"measurement.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
