{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945386048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918313","title":"A Detection Method for Apple Fruits Based on Color and Shape Features","display_name":"A Detection Method for Apple Fruits Based on Color and Shape Features","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945386048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918313","mag":"2945386048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2918313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08720218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08720218.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091173441","display_name":"Xiaoyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5215-8270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112436532","display_name":"Dean Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-9080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068363339","display_name":"Weikuan Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-3269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikuan Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-3269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061671391","display_name":"Wei Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8570-7253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8570-7253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003389564","display_name":"Yueping Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-7520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueping Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091173441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.6314,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":102,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97018349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"67923","last_page":"67933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6723560690879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5376132130622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5143519639968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3976823091506958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6723560690879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5376132130622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5143519639968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3976823091506958}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2918313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08720218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53df90107bbe4c4daddfeba5b6e575e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53df90107bbe4c4daddfeba5b6e575e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 67923-67933 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2918313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2918313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08720218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3354123688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20170536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009360756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31571571","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7820854054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017BC013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945386048.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945386048.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021020668","https://openalex.org/W2033836466","https://openalex.org/W2057248640","https://openalex.org/W2064352738","https://openalex.org/W2071390953","https://openalex.org/W2095952504","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2133454450","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2290563756","https://openalex.org/W2303323562","https://openalex.org/W2501369945","https://openalex.org/W2610243532","https://openalex.org/W2750864870","https://openalex.org/W2771337939","https://openalex.org/W2794547127","https://openalex.org/W2809489825","https://openalex.org/W2876225115","https://openalex.org/W2900875525","https://openalex.org/W2914092984","https://openalex.org/W3198424847","https://openalex.org/W7038234328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,117,128,153,165],"skins":[1],"of":[2,22,42,79,89,99,114,131,155,167,187,228],"most":[3],"mature":[4],"apple":[5,43],"fruits":[6,106,115,157],"are":[7,172],"incompletely":[8],"red":[9],"and":[10,14,34,82,110,140,150,195,209,224,234],"also":[11,163],"include":[12],"green":[13],"pale":[15],"yellow":[16],"color,":[17],"which":[18,73,101,177],"increases":[19],"the":[20,87,97,112,168,202,206,216],"difficulty":[21],"fruit":[23],"detection":[24,29,84,193],"by":[25,122],"machine":[26],"vision.":[27],"A":[28],"method":[30,119,181,194,204,218],"based":[31],"on":[32],"color":[33,62],"shape":[35,98],"features":[36],"is":[37,50,67,93,102,162,219,231],"proposed":[38,118,180,203,217],"for":[39],"this":[40],"kind":[41],"fruits.":[44,189],"Simple":[45],"linear":[46],"iterative":[47],"clustering":[48],"(SLIC)":[49],"adapted":[51],"to":[52,69,95,104,222],"segment":[53],"images":[54,123],"taken":[55,124],"in":[56,107],"orchards":[57],"into":[58],"super-pixel":[59],"blocks.":[60],"feature":[63],"extracted":[64],"from":[65],"blocks":[66,81],"used":[68],"determine":[70],"candidate":[71,108],"regions,":[72],"can":[74,182],"filter":[75],"a":[76,184],"large":[77],"proportion":[78],"non-fruit":[80],"improve":[83],"precision.":[85],"Next,":[86],"histogram":[88],"oriented":[90],"gradient":[91],"(HOG)":[92],"adopted":[94],"describe":[96],"fruits,":[100],"applied":[103],"detect":[105,183],"regions":[109],"locate":[111],"position":[113],"further.":[116],"was":[120],"tested":[121],"under":[125],"different":[126,160],"illuminations.":[127],"average":[129],"values":[130,166],"<italic":[132,136,169],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[133,137,142,170],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">recall</i>":[134,171],",":[135,139],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">precision</i>":[138],"<inline-formula":[141],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[143],"<tex-math":[144],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F_{1}$":[145],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[146],"reach":[147],"89.80%,":[148],"95.12%,":[149],"92.38%":[151],"respectively.":[152],"performance":[154,208],"detecting":[156],"covered":[158,188],"at":[159],"levels":[161],"tested.":[164],"all":[173],"more":[174],"than":[175,211,236],"85%,":[176],"indicates":[178],"that":[179],"great":[185],"part":[186],"Compared":[190],"with":[191],"pedestrian":[192],"faster":[196,212,237],"region-based":[197],"convolutional":[198],"neural":[199],"network":[200],"(RCNN),":[201],"has":[205],"best":[207],"higher":[210],"RCNN":[213],"slightly.":[214],"However,":[215],"not":[220],"robust":[221],"noise":[223],"its":[225],"elapsed":[226],"time":[227],"one":[229],"image":[230],"1.94":[232],"s":[233],"less":[235],"RCNN.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
