{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946450307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917979","title":"Cascade Semantic Fusion for Image Captioning","display_name":"Cascade Semantic Fusion for Image Captioning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946450307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917979","mag":"2946450307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2917979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917979","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08718598.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08718598.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340293","display_name":"Shiwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6721-3521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060251766","display_name":"Long Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-8985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-8985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368865","display_name":"Xiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-3802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101419084","display_name":"Guohua Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-3804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohua Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061811574","display_name":"Zhigang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7552-201X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0918,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81675716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"66680","last_page":"66688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.9189505577087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8678001165390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6912252902984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.5877718925476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5057461261749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.47509896755218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4555344581604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4512660503387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4355507493019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39525866508483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2789900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2699761986732483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.9189505577087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8678001165390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6912252902984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.5877718925476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5057461261749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.47509896755218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4555344581604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4512660503387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4355507493019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39525866508483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2789900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2699761986732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2917979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917979","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08718598.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ac4f4551c024e18804988a339404f75","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ac4f4551c024e18804988a339404f75","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 66680-66688 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2917979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917979","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08718598.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2735611711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4111034471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1435222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946450307.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946450307.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W956551720","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1811254738","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1897761818","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1956340063","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2123301721","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2154652894","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2220981600","https://openalex.org/W2302086703","https://openalex.org/W2481240925","https://openalex.org/W2506483933","https://openalex.org/W2550553598","https://openalex.org/W2552161745","https://openalex.org/W2560645892","https://openalex.org/W2575842049","https://openalex.org/W2601380348","https://openalex.org/W2604729005","https://openalex.org/W2606492274","https://openalex.org/W2607151106","https://openalex.org/W2613904329","https://openalex.org/W2740118378","https://openalex.org/W2745461083","https://openalex.org/W2771979424","https://openalex.org/W2795151422","https://openalex.org/W2871882974","https://openalex.org/W2895420168","https://openalex.org/W2963084599","https://openalex.org/W2963170456","https://openalex.org/W2963201326","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964018924","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6625044600","https://openalex.org/W6630875275","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638742206","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6678262379","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6682631176","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6730549503","https://openalex.org/W6736419893","https://openalex.org/W6737778391","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6742999658","https://openalex.org/W6746253090","https://openalex.org/W6898505805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210416330","https://openalex.org/W2775506363","https://openalex.org/W3088136942","https://openalex.org/W2963177403","https://openalex.org/W4290852288","https://openalex.org/W2949362007","https://openalex.org/W4283207562","https://openalex.org/W2330246314","https://openalex.org/W2993670781","https://openalex.org/W3211385606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,37,96,210,233],"deep":[3,21],"visual":[4,49,86],"attention":[5,72,87,94,107,135,143,158,175,182],"methods":[6],"accelerate":[7],"greatly":[8],"the":[9,24,35,64,79,103,113,117,121,125,147,151,154,164,203,212,226],"research":[10],"of":[11,26,41,48,85,116,187,215,219,228],"image":[12,27,69,207,220,235],"captioning.":[13],"However,":[14],"how":[15],"to":[16,34,44,62,67,111,132,145,162,171,189],"leverage":[17],"hand-crafted":[18],"features":[19,22,43,66,108,136,144,159,188],"or":[20],"for":[23],"encoder":[25],"captioning":[28,208,221],"is":[29],"not":[30],"fully":[31],"explored,":[32],"due":[33],"difficulty":[36],"finding":[38],"a":[39,46,56,97,129,169,178],"kind":[40],"all-purpose":[42],"entail":[45],"set":[47],"semantics.":[50],"In":[51,102,153,177],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,180],"introduce":[55],"cascade":[57,100],"semantic":[58,230],"fusion":[59,130,231],"architecture":[60,232],"(CSF)":[61],"mine":[63],"representative":[65],"encode":[68],"content":[70],"through":[71],"mechanism":[73,183],"without":[74],"bells":[75],"and":[76,92],"whistles.":[77],"Specifically,":[78],"CSF":[80,204],"benefits":[81],"from":[82,195],"three":[83,185],"types":[84,186],"semantics,":[88],"including":[89],"object-level,":[90],"image-level,":[91],"spatial":[93,138,157],"features,":[95,139],"novel":[98],"three-stage":[99],"manner.":[101],"first":[104],"stage,":[105,156],"object-level":[106,134],"are":[109,160],"extracted":[110],"capture":[112],"detailed":[114],"contents":[115],"objects":[118],"based":[119],"on":[120,222],"pretrained":[122],"detector.":[123],"Then,":[124],"middle":[126],"stage":[127],"devises":[128],"module":[131],"merge":[133],"with":[137,184],"thereby":[140],"inducing":[141],"image-level":[142],"enrich":[146],"context":[148,191],"information":[149],"around":[150],"objects.":[152],"last":[155],"learned":[161,174],"unveil":[163],"salient":[165],"region":[166],"representation":[167],"as":[168],"complement":[170],"two":[172],"previously":[173],"features.":[176],"nutshell,":[179],"integrate":[181],"organize":[190],"knowledge":[192],"about":[193],"images":[194],"different":[196],"aspects.":[197],"The":[198,217],"empirical":[199],"analysis":[200],"shows":[201],"that":[202],"can":[205],"assist":[206],"model":[209],"selecting":[211],"object":[213],"regions":[214],"interest.":[216],"experiments":[218],"MSCOCO":[223],"dataset":[224],"show":[225],"efficacy":[227],"our":[229],"depicting":[234],"content.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}