{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946156428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917532","title":"Semi-Supervised K-Means DDoS Detection Method Using Hybrid Feature Selection Algorithm","display_name":"Semi-Supervised K-Means DDoS Detection Method Using Hybrid Feature Selection Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946156428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917532","mag":"2946156428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2917532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917532","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08717648.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08717648.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621678","display_name":"Yonghao Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-097X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghao Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-097X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007285226","display_name":"Kaiyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5221-6494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052748894","display_name":"Zhenyang Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769467","display_name":"Yongfei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":14.6891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99162163,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"64351","last_page":"64365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7417708039283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7245460748672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6455108523368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5230494737625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4901209771633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46948179602622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44902193546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.4158455729484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3232409656047821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.07964420318603516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7417708039283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7245460748672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6455108523368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5230494737625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4901209771633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46948179602622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44902193546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.4158455729484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3232409656047821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.07964420318603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2917532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917532","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08717648.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa6c6db83a754151bf00a8a5297e11a4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa6c6db83a754151bf00a8a5297e11a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 64351-64365 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2917532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2917532","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08717648.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2030882823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1536121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2611844752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5097082024","display_name":"\u7eaf\u7535\u52a8\u516c\u4ea4\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6392\u73ed\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61873040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6585739413","display_name":"\u65b0\u95fb\u7c7b\u6570\u5b57\u7167\u7247\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u9274\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61370195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7960918093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316084","display_name":"China Computer Federation","ror":"https://ror.org/015xj5w40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326699","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946156428.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946156428.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90130910","https://openalex.org/W182639417","https://openalex.org/W1559265146","https://openalex.org/W1682482847","https://openalex.org/W1965343849","https://openalex.org/W1969500170","https://openalex.org/W1978915475","https://openalex.org/W1994282585","https://openalex.org/W2019768127","https://openalex.org/W2024550571","https://openalex.org/W2027038743","https://openalex.org/W2028521711","https://openalex.org/W2059098263","https://openalex.org/W2088263074","https://openalex.org/W2124303512","https://openalex.org/W2139468004","https://openalex.org/W2148542372","https://openalex.org/W2153334513","https://openalex.org/W2164210932","https://openalex.org/W2180098535","https://openalex.org/W2198302135","https://openalex.org/W2219388052","https://openalex.org/W2221759150","https://openalex.org/W2278053035","https://openalex.org/W2283712246","https://openalex.org/W2338694366","https://openalex.org/W2346331195","https://openalex.org/W2379849596","https://openalex.org/W2510594225","https://openalex.org/W2526518335","https://openalex.org/W2527999453","https://openalex.org/W2547278109","https://openalex.org/W2548080094","https://openalex.org/W2588071164","https://openalex.org/W2591391565","https://openalex.org/W2619799366","https://openalex.org/W2735720865","https://openalex.org/W2736293045","https://openalex.org/W2773487925","https://openalex.org/W2786099517","https://openalex.org/W2900833923","https://openalex.org/W6642856049","https://openalex.org/W6680568512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W3213683101","https://openalex.org/W3035095237","https://openalex.org/W3186233728","https://openalex.org/W4200459988","https://openalex.org/W4361733776","https://openalex.org/W4281776617","https://openalex.org/W2908849530","https://openalex.org/W4398756457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"denial":[1],"of":[2,55,118,178],"service":[3,13],"(DDoS)":[4],"attack":[5,35,146,151],"is":[6,25],"an":[7,11,29,106,189],"attempt":[8],"to":[9,27,32,74,97,114,135,157,188],"make":[10],"online":[12],"unavailable":[14],"by":[15,186],"overwhelming":[16],"it":[17,24],"with":[18],"traffic":[19],"from":[20,36],"multiple":[21],"sources.":[22],"Therefore,":[23],"necessary":[26],"propose":[28,105],"effective":[30,101],"method":[31,171],"detect":[33,136],"DDoS":[34,142],"massive":[37],"data":[38,57],"traffics.":[39],"However,":[40],"the":[41,99,116,126,160,169,173,176],"existing":[42],"schemes":[43],"have":[44,62,166],"some":[45],"limitations,":[46],"including":[47],"that":[48,168],"supervised":[49],"learning":[50,60],"methods,":[51],"need":[52],"large":[53],"numbers":[54],"labeled":[56],"and":[58,67,104,120,154,181],"unsupervised":[59],"algorithms":[61],"relatively":[63],"low":[64],"detection":[65,85,179],"rate":[66],"high":[68],"false":[69],"positive":[70],"rate.":[71],"In":[72],"order":[73,184],"tackle":[75],"these":[76],"issues,":[77],"this":[78],"paper":[79],"presents":[80],"a":[81,91],"semi-supervised":[82],"weighted":[83],"k-means":[84],"method.":[86],"Specifically,":[87],"we":[88,124,139],"firstly":[89],"present":[90],"Hadoop-based":[92],"hybrid":[93,131],"feature":[94,102,132],"selection":[95,112,133],"algorithm":[96,113,129],"find":[98],"most":[100],"sets":[103],"improved":[107],"density-based":[108],"initial":[109],"cluster":[110],"centers":[111],"solve":[115],"problem":[117],"outliers":[119],"local":[121],"optimal.":[122],"Then,":[123],"provide":[125],"Semi-supervised":[127],"K-means":[128],"using":[130],"(SKM-HFS)":[134],"attacks.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"exploit":[140],"DARPA":[141],"dataset,":[143,148],"CAIDA":[144],"\u201cDDoS":[145,150],"2007\u201d":[147],"CICIDS":[149],"2017\u201d":[152],"dataset":[153,156],"real-world":[155],"carry":[158],"out":[159],"verification":[161],"experiment.":[162],"The":[163],"experiment":[164],"results":[165],"demonstrated":[167],"proposed":[170],"outperforms":[172],"benchmark":[174],"in":[175],"respect":[177],"performance":[180],"technique":[182],"for":[183],"preference":[185],"similarity":[187],"ideal":[190],"solution":[191],"(TOPSIS)":[192],"evaluation":[193],"factor.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}