{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945897706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916330","title":"Real-Time Tunnel Crack Analysis System via Deep Learning","display_name":"Real-Time Tunnel Crack Analysis System via Deep Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945897706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916330","mag":"2945897706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2916330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916330","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08713464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08713464.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045391965","display_name":"Qing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-2200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003327693","display_name":"Yingqi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-9338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingqi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-9338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071848278","display_name":"Xueshi Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-4499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueshi Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079130579","display_name":"Lu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3857-3982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101709809","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2589-4966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109240448","display_name":"Hongming Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373889","display_name":"Chun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-0107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017033250","display_name":"Mengjie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Vision Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100950779","display_name":"Xuesong Chai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuesong Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101977445","display_name":"Jianchao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4436-6969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianchao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":7.0465,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97476656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"64186","last_page":"64197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12482","display_name":"Tunneling and Rock Mechanics","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6211103200912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.419886976480484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3175949156284332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6211103200912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.419886976480484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3175949156284332}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2916330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916330","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08713464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:088522b5f05d44c9b4047fdcc41829f3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/088522b5f05d44c9b4047fdcc41829f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 64186-64197 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2916330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916330","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08713464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328872","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945897706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945897706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1977792424","https://openalex.org/W1998239578","https://openalex.org/W2039367092","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2111993128","https://openalex.org/W2171407258","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2380887020","https://openalex.org/W2388649618","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2560311620","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2744404335","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963934324","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6730044627","https://openalex.org/W6730845260","https://openalex.org/W6737664043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W4323565446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cracks":[0,14],"in":[1,8,51,59,68,156,183],"the":[2,17,20,28,31,52,63,69,74,83,86,89,95,100,104,108,136,153,161,203,218],"tunnel":[3,9,12,21,53,66,111,154,163,176,190,205,213],"become":[4],"an":[5,172],"unavoidable":[6],"problem":[7],"construction":[10],"and":[11,22,46,57,88,126,170,174,193,225,228],"using.":[13],"will":[15],"affect":[16],"stability":[18],"of":[19,30,38,65,85,91,103,129,138,212,223],"have":[23,113,132],"a":[24,35,127,188,221],"negative":[25],"impact":[26],"on":[27,73],"operation":[29],"train.":[32],"It":[33,78,143],"is":[34,79,144],"crucial":[36],"part":[37],"rail":[39,44],"safety":[40],"as":[41,43,118],"well":[42],"defects":[45],"train":[47],"defects.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"cracks":[50,67,155],"must":[54],"be":[55],"identified":[56],"repaired":[58],"time.":[60,157],"At":[61,107],"present,":[62],"detection":[64],"domestic":[70],"railways":[71],"relies":[72],"manual":[75,96],"inspection":[76,93,97,105],"mainly.":[77],"difficult":[80],"to":[81,99,135,146,151,186,202,208],"satisfy":[82],"requirements":[84],"rapidity":[87],"accuracy":[90],"railway":[92,204,219],"by":[94],"due":[98],"subjective":[101],"judgment":[102],"personnel.":[106],"same":[109],"time,":[110],"images":[112],"some":[114],"complex":[115],"situations":[116],"such":[117],"water":[119],"stains,":[120],"scratches,":[121],"structural":[122],"seams,":[123],"uneven":[124],"illumination,":[125],"lot":[128,222],"noise,":[130],"which":[131],"brought":[133],"bottlenecks":[134],"development":[137],"traditional":[139],"image":[140,206],"processing":[141],"methods.":[142],"necessary":[145],"adopt":[147],"more":[148],"effective":[149],"methods":[150],"detect":[152],"This":[158],"paper":[159],"builds":[160],"first":[162],"crack":[164,177,191,214],"dataset":[165],"with":[166],"semantic":[167,181,200],"segmentation":[168,182,201,211],"annotation":[169],"proposes":[171],"objective":[173],"fast":[175],"identification":[178,192],"algorithm":[179],"using":[180],"computer":[184],"vision":[185],"construct":[187],"complete":[189],"analysis":[194,207],"system.":[195],"The":[196],"system":[197],"applies":[198],"advanced":[199],"achieve":[209],"precise":[210],"locations,":[215],"thereby":[216],"saving":[217],"department":[220],"manpower":[224],"material":[226],"resources":[227],"improving":[229],"efficiency.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}