{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943837605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916181","title":"Economic Evaluation of Micro-Grid System in Commercial Parks Based on Echelon Utilization Batteries","display_name":"Economic Evaluation of Micro-Grid System in Commercial Parks Based on Echelon Utilization Batteries","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943837605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916181","mag":"2943837605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2916181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916181","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08712492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08712492.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043996015","display_name":"Xiaojuan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-3961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojuan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-3961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669014","display_name":"Feng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-9719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101624989","display_name":"Mengjiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1013-8517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6953,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84537172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"65624","last_page":"65634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.6445555090904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5976117849349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5333794355392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5194472670555115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.5115402936935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-cost","display_name":"Operating cost","score":0.5063740015029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.48932522535324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.47337716817855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4462083876132965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.4454258978366852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4295791685581207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.41690582036972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.34753191471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23720422387123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.22354406118392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.143510103225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.10577532649040222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.6445555090904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5976117849349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5333794355392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5194472670555115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.5115402936935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.5063740015029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.48932522535324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.47337716817855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4462083876132965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.4454258978366852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4295791685581207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.41690582036972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.34753191471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23720422387123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.22354406118392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.143510103225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.10577532649040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2916181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916181","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08712492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39fd1a8fce184e82b81feba867b9bd01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39fd1a8fce184e82b81feba867b9bd01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 65624-65634 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2916181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916181","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08712492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2266795474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51577065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943837605.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943837605.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967831571","https://openalex.org/W1975734289","https://openalex.org/W1982442680","https://openalex.org/W2002922860","https://openalex.org/W2016193349","https://openalex.org/W2085094058","https://openalex.org/W2086167429","https://openalex.org/W2090359259","https://openalex.org/W2108859238","https://openalex.org/W2113828473","https://openalex.org/W2116672760","https://openalex.org/W2145039144","https://openalex.org/W2145113795","https://openalex.org/W2163307514","https://openalex.org/W2179400506","https://openalex.org/W2352931888","https://openalex.org/W2357247302","https://openalex.org/W2361604828","https://openalex.org/W2362568429","https://openalex.org/W2366258425","https://openalex.org/W2369914551","https://openalex.org/W2534662977","https://openalex.org/W2626801642","https://openalex.org/W6676429282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353074559","https://openalex.org/W2171108821","https://openalex.org/W2023642087","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W2402141875","https://openalex.org/W3125701662","https://openalex.org/W1498762745","https://openalex.org/W2771815161","https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W2895878256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,135,154,196,254],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,16,25,33,46,64,69,80,90,112,125,157,168,181,199,214,225,241,268],"the":[4,13,17,22,26,34,43,52,62,65,74,78,81,91,97,109,113,126,130,142,152,158,163,172,178,185,192,200,206,212,215,219,222,226,230,239,242,249,265],"air-conditioning":[5,36,70,82,174,201],"load":[6,37,71,175,202],"leads":[7],"to":[8,150],"a":[9,47,117,261],"further":[10],"increase":[11],"in":[12,42,51,58,129,162,166,191,257],"peak-to-valley":[14],"difference":[15],"load,":[18],"which":[19],"has":[20,275],"affected":[21],"steady":[23],"operation":[24],"power":[27],"grid.":[28,220],"An":[29],"economic":[30,122],"evaluation":[31,123],"method":[32,255],"controlled":[35,173],"combined":[38],"echelon":[39,231,243,266],"utilization":[40,104,187,232,244,267],"batteries":[41,105,233,245,272],"micro-grid":[44,110,127],"system":[45,111,128],"commercial":[48,114,131,164],"park":[49,132,165],"participating":[50,190],"demand":[53,193],"side":[54,194],"management":[55],"is":[56,94,133,234,246],"discussed":[57],"this":[59,258],"paper.":[60],"Through":[61],"study":[63],"optimal":[66,138,179],"control":[67,83,88,101],"mode":[68],"groups,":[72],"taking":[73],"user":[75],"comfort":[76,208],"and":[77,116,121,141,183,274],"fairness":[79],"into":[84,108],"consideration,":[85],"an":[86],"orderly":[87],"model":[89,124],"air":[92],"conditioning":[93],"developed":[95],"by":[96,189],"improved":[98],"state-queue":[99],"(ISQ)":[100],"algorithm.":[102],"Echelon":[103],"are":[106,148],"introduced":[107],"park,":[115],"coordinated":[118],"optimization":[119],"allocation":[120,180],"established.":[134],"particle":[136],"swarm":[137],"algorithm":[139,146],"(PSO)":[140],"artificial":[143],"bee":[144],"colony":[145],"(ABC)":[147],"employed":[149],"solve":[151],"model.":[153],"simulation":[155],"tests":[156],"actual":[159],"operating":[160],"data":[161],"Shanghai":[167],"China":[169],"show":[170],"that":[171],"can":[176],"improve":[177],"resources":[182],"promote":[184],"energy":[186,251],"rate":[188],"management.":[195],"optimized":[197],"regulation":[198],"not":[203],"only":[204],"improves":[205],"user's":[207],"but":[209],"also":[210],"reduces":[211],"cost":[213,224],"purchasing":[216,223],"electricity":[217],"from":[218],"When":[221],"unit":[227],"capacity":[228],"for":[229,264],"less":[235],"than":[236,248],"254.5391":[237],"USD/kWh,":[238],"economy":[240],"better":[247],"conventional":[250],"storage":[252],"batteries.":[253],"presented":[256],"paper":[259],"provides":[260],"theoretical":[262],"basis":[263],"retired":[269],"electric":[270],"vehicle":[271],"(REVBs)":[273],"certain":[276],"engineering":[277],"application":[278],"prospects.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}