{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943920414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914999","title":"A Churn Prediction Model Using Random Forest: Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Churn Prediction and Factor Identification in Telecom Sector","display_name":"A Churn Prediction Model Using Random Forest: Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Churn Prediction and Factor Identification in Telecom Sector","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943920414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914999","mag":"2943920414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08706988.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08706988.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102960786","display_name":"Irfan Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-4840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081280784","display_name":"Basit Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-2363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basit Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-2363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmad Kamran Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1521-6579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Kamran Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1521-6579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101555375","display_name":"Muhammad Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-6603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035335908","display_name":"Saif ul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-4195"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif Ul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-4195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685527","display_name":"Sung Won Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-6980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Won Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-6980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":31.7645,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":387,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99783922,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"60134","last_page":"60149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10154","display_name":"Customer Service Quality and Loyalty","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11536","display_name":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/churning","display_name":"Churning","score":0.9181617498397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7290669679641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7092359066009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5041738748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49357402324676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4623682498931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-relationship-management","display_name":"Customer relationship management","score":0.4587131142616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4281178116798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.41321006417274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3830091953277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1718442142009735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161664118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089933","display_name":"Churning","level":2,"score":0.9181617498397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7290669679641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7092359066009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5041738748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49357402324676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4623682498931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98825075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485643","display_name":"Customer relationship management","level":2,"score":0.4587131142616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4281178116798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.41321006417274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3830091953277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1718442142009735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08706988.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:527e9b071ef641b59f20eaddbd918473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/527e9b071ef641b59f20eaddbd918473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 60134-60149 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914999","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08706988.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1544410465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1D1A1A09082266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1582525709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22A20130012814","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3192886626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2019-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6320453651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2019-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7519164176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2019-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943920414.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943920414.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82952921","https://openalex.org/W1498858542","https://openalex.org/W1562891728","https://openalex.org/W1566376227","https://openalex.org/W1594945480","https://openalex.org/W1973004077","https://openalex.org/W1975402091","https://openalex.org/W1990788070","https://openalex.org/W2054640944","https://openalex.org/W2094573432","https://openalex.org/W2095696933","https://openalex.org/W2106637586","https://openalex.org/W2132510873","https://openalex.org/W2142193462","https://openalex.org/W2160227689","https://openalex.org/W2165653993","https://openalex.org/W2169714367","https://openalex.org/W2205967639","https://openalex.org/W2206073528","https://openalex.org/W2237623308","https://openalex.org/W2336180536","https://openalex.org/W2398748479","https://openalex.org/W2540642777","https://openalex.org/W2541364103","https://openalex.org/W2560738241","https://openalex.org/W2605617584","https://openalex.org/W2606176882","https://openalex.org/W2709322920","https://openalex.org/W2739305113","https://openalex.org/W2754253678","https://openalex.org/W2772393142","https://openalex.org/W2779766484","https://openalex.org/W2792328488","https://openalex.org/W2793003883","https://openalex.org/W2893074001","https://openalex.org/W2896826969","https://openalex.org/W2900446241","https://openalex.org/W3103404646","https://openalex.org/W3105639959","https://openalex.org/W6629879103","https://openalex.org/W6635749982","https://openalex.org/W6684278500","https://openalex.org/W6685011964","https://openalex.org/W6687945562","https://openalex.org/W6702920483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125064327","https://openalex.org/W2370947527","https://openalex.org/W2586853404","https://openalex.org/W1595793304","https://openalex.org/W2366222894","https://openalex.org/W2377544927","https://openalex.org/W2376686040","https://openalex.org/W2167701049","https://openalex.org/W3191198889","https://openalex.org/W2802491896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,36,50,61,83,88,91,96,125,146,153,157,163,187,194,209,226,263,276,282,287],"telecom":[2,97],"sector,":[3],"a":[4,13,18,69],"huge":[5],"volume":[6],"of":[7,93,145,190,211,225,278],"data":[8,119,160],"is":[9,32,101,141,233],"being":[10],"generated":[11,284],"on":[12,216],"daily":[14],"basis":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,48,81,148,171,208],"vast":[19],"client":[20],"base.":[21],"Decision":[22],"makers":[23],"and":[24,41,86,107,220,243,266],"business":[25],"analysts":[26,40],"emphasized":[27],"that":[28,73,182,252],"attaining":[29],"new":[30],"customers":[31,85,94,118,165,214,280],"costlier":[33],"than":[34],"retaining":[35],"existing":[37,62],"ones.":[38],"Business":[39],"customer":[42,267],"relationship":[43],"management":[44],"(CRM)":[45],"analyzers":[46],"need":[47],"know":[49],"reasons":[51],"for":[52],"churn":[53,63,70,84,117,164,180,196,213,230,255,260,279],"customers,":[54],"as":[55,76,238],"well":[56,77,131],"as,":[57,78],"behavior":[58,218],"patterns":[59],"from":[60,198],"customers\u2019":[64,199],"data.":[65],"This":[66,176],"paper":[67,177],"proposes":[68],"prediction":[71,231,256],"model":[72,114,155,232,257],"uses":[74],"classification,":[75,152],"clustering":[79],"techniques":[80],"identify":[82],"provides":[87,273],"factors":[89,181,197,274],"behind":[90,275],"churning":[92,158,277],"in":[95,123,166,185],"sector.":[98],"Feature":[99],"selection":[100],"performed":[102,130],"by":[103,161,285],"using":[104,120,168,235,262,286],"information":[105],"gain":[106],"correlation":[108],"attribute":[109],"ranking":[110],"filter.":[111],"The":[112,228,249],"proposed":[113,154,229,254],"first":[115],"classifies":[116],"classification":[121,261],"algorithms,":[122],"which":[124],"Random":[126],"Forest":[127],"(RF)":[128],"algorithm":[129,265],"with":[132],"88.63%":[133],"correctly":[134],"classified":[135],"instances.":[136],"Creating":[137],"effective":[138],"retention":[139,174],"policies":[140],"an":[142],"essential":[143,184],"task":[144],"CRM":[147,201],"prevent":[149],"churners.":[150],"After":[151],"segments":[156],"customer\u2019s":[159],"categorizing":[162],"groups":[167],"cosine":[169],"similarity":[170],"provide":[172],"group-based":[173],"offers.":[175],"also":[178,272],"identified":[179],"are":[183],"determining":[186],"root":[188],"causes":[189],"churn.":[191],"By":[192],"knowing":[193],"significant":[195],"data,":[200],"can":[202],"improve":[203,222],"productivity,":[204],"recommend":[205],"relevant":[206],"promotions":[207],"group":[210],"likely":[212],"based":[215],"similar":[217],"patterns,":[219],"excessively":[221],"marketing":[223],"campaigns":[224],"company.":[227],"evaluated":[234],"metrics,":[236],"such":[237],"accuracy,":[239],"precision,":[240],"recall,":[241],"f-measure,":[242],"receiving":[244],"operating":[245],"characteristics":[246],"(ROC)":[247],"area.":[248],"results":[250],"reveal":[251],"our":[253],"produced":[258],"better":[259],"RF":[264],"profiling":[268],"usingk-meansclustering.":[269],"Furthermore,":[270],"it":[271],"through":[281],"rules":[283],"attribute-selected":[288],"classifier":[289],"algorithm.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
