{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943146624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914486","title":"Comparison of Spectral Efficiency Techniques in Device-to-Device Communication for 5G","display_name":"Comparison of Spectral Efficiency Techniques in Device-to-Device Communication for 5G","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943146624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914486","mag":"2943146624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914486","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08704715.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08704715.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001643289","display_name":"Javed Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7747-8801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202376891","display_name":"Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx2y384","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202376891"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javed Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202376891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051050323","display_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-3477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202376891","display_name":"Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx2y384","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202376891"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad A. Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202376891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716653","display_name":"Awais Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5483-2732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awais Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103168264","display_name":"Murad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-0557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202376891","display_name":"Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx2y384","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202376891"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202376891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046608206","display_name":"Affaq Qamar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-4677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Affaq Qamar","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology at Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology at Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079036968","display_name":"Kijun Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3520-6194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kijun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89946554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"57440","last_page":"57449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.8322798013687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.752682626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5251766443252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4712258577346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.44753599166870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-expenditure","display_name":"Capital expenditure","score":0.4446222484111786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3649775981903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3639994263648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19254276156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.12616121768951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10255607962608337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.8322798013687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.752682626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5251766443252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4712258577346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.44753599166870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302208","display_name":"Capital expenditure","level":2,"score":0.4446222484111786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3649775981903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3639994263648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19254276156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.12616121768951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10255607962608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914486","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08704715.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8cdbd39d80fa4c359ec7e7d7adbff35f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8cdbd39d80fa4c359ec7e7d7adbff35f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 57440-57449 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914486","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08704715.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6635124584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016R1D1A1B03933566","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7744434753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016R1D1A1B03933566","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337407","display_name":"Division of Human Resource Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03mamvh39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943146624.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943146624.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47265790","https://openalex.org/W1969281101","https://openalex.org/W1975186862","https://openalex.org/W1992942660","https://openalex.org/W1993316862","https://openalex.org/W1996692966","https://openalex.org/W1999292437","https://openalex.org/W1999517218","https://openalex.org/W2002549565","https://openalex.org/W2028356561","https://openalex.org/W2029974948","https://openalex.org/W2030608526","https://openalex.org/W2032257499","https://openalex.org/W2036325574","https://openalex.org/W2037305520","https://openalex.org/W2039124714","https://openalex.org/W2044576662","https://openalex.org/W2049356195","https://openalex.org/W2053822331","https://openalex.org/W2054581561","https://openalex.org/W2056357956","https://openalex.org/W2059823320","https://openalex.org/W2081659438","https://openalex.org/W2086224461","https://openalex.org/W2089546435","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2104086762","https://openalex.org/W2104137227","https://openalex.org/W2105820960","https://openalex.org/W2106248279","https://openalex.org/W2109538160","https://openalex.org/W2134023064","https://openalex.org/W2135647107","https://openalex.org/W2138580126","https://openalex.org/W2140656373","https://openalex.org/W2141929741","https://openalex.org/W2143487028","https://openalex.org/W2334741804","https://openalex.org/W2384478734","https://openalex.org/W2614232535","https://openalex.org/W2962751196","https://openalex.org/W3098915991","https://openalex.org/W3103426447","https://openalex.org/W6601922826","https://openalex.org/W6649955665","https://openalex.org/W6658713442","https://openalex.org/W6659484950","https://openalex.org/W6664138796","https://openalex.org/W6664794613","https://openalex.org/W6675851608","https://openalex.org/W6737535957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611396164","https://openalex.org/W2956138144","https://openalex.org/W2611631300","https://openalex.org/W1998303567","https://openalex.org/W2898995589","https://openalex.org/W2215525570","https://openalex.org/W2805060255","https://openalex.org/W3129637292","https://openalex.org/W4210401887","https://openalex.org/W1982685959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"generation":[1],"networks":[2],"will":[3,50],"accommodate":[4],"a":[5,40],"large":[6],"amount":[7],"of":[8,35,45,72,106,126],"data":[9],"traffic":[10],"and":[11,55,88,123],"lower":[12],"latency.":[13],"In":[14],"order":[15],"to":[16,23,62,75,109],"meet":[17],"these":[18],"demands,":[19],"it":[20],"is":[21,59,80,102],"essential":[22],"look":[24],"over":[25],"current":[26],"spectral":[27,91],"use":[28],"or":[29,42],"introduce":[30],"new":[31,36],"frequency":[32,37],"bands.":[33],"Introduction":[34],"bands":[38],"requires":[39],"partial":[41],"complete":[43],"change":[44],"already":[46],"deployed":[47],"infrastructure,":[48],"which":[49],"have":[51],"high":[52],"operation":[53],"expenditure":[54],"capital":[56],"expenditure.":[57],"It":[58],"more":[60],"convenient":[61],"find":[63],"other":[64],"solutions":[65,74],"by":[66],"concentrating":[67],"on":[68,103],"device-related":[69],"solutions.":[70],"One":[71],"the":[73,104,114,127],"achieve":[76],"higher":[77],"spectra":[78],"efficiency":[79,92],"through":[81,96],"device-to-device":[82],"(D2D)":[83],"communication.":[84,98],"This":[85],"paper":[86],"presents":[87],"compares":[89],"recent":[90],"techniques":[93,108],"in":[94,116],"5G":[95],"D2D":[97],"The":[99],"main":[100],"focus":[101],"utilization":[105],"different":[107],"improve":[110],"spectrum":[111],"efficiency.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"challenges":[115],"interference":[117],"management,":[118],"resource":[119],"utilization,":[120],"power":[121],"control,":[122],"mode":[124],"selection":[125],"proposed":[128],"work":[129],"are":[130],"compared.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}