{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2942804812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914259","title":"The Algorithm of Concrete Surface Crack Detection Based on the Genetic Programming and Percolation Model","display_name":"The Algorithm of Concrete Surface Crack Detection Based on the Genetic Programming and Percolation Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2942804812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914259","mag":"2942804812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914259","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08704292.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08704292.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001474262","display_name":"Zhong Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-4854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-4854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061143062","display_name":"Yuxiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-5029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Xiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605742","display_name":"Ling Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5660-1282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mobile Telecommunications, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mobile Telecommunications, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101562213","display_name":"Yi Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-0013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009751003","display_name":"Qiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-9732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001474262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.5628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94077978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"57592","last_page":"57603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percolation","display_name":"Percolation (cognitive psychology)","score":0.7432122230529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6060117483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.603207528591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5343894958496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4766848087310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percolation-threshold","display_name":"Percolation threshold","score":0.44517311453819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19983252882957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13560962677001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1020684540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","score":0.0986713171005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06291559338569641}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780457167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156484","display_name":"Percolation (cognitive psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7432122230529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6060117483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.603207528591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5343894958496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4766848087310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2729557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167170","display_name":"Percolation threshold","level":3,"score":0.44517311453819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19983252882957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13560962677001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1020684540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.0986713171005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06291559338569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914259","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08704292.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:37d29866d4ae42ad819eaf5cba3a73ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/37d29866d4ae42ad819eaf5cba3a73ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 57592-57603 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2914259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2914259","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08704292.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1704510910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2015jcyjBX0090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335870","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Basic and Frontier Research Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5171595024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJ1600434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313575","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313575","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335870","display_name":"Chongqing Basic and Frontier Research Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2942804812.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2942804812.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1240796115","https://openalex.org/W1513670756","https://openalex.org/W1967954639","https://openalex.org/W1975831815","https://openalex.org/W1982652168","https://openalex.org/W1982725007","https://openalex.org/W2028590536","https://openalex.org/W2043600956","https://openalex.org/W2063345441","https://openalex.org/W2071905184","https://openalex.org/W2081534370","https://openalex.org/W2091149439","https://openalex.org/W2132196970","https://openalex.org/W2144801789","https://openalex.org/W2158131861","https://openalex.org/W2332793506","https://openalex.org/W2337206993","https://openalex.org/W2339620988","https://openalex.org/W2402348871","https://openalex.org/W2407692387","https://openalex.org/W2477570416","https://openalex.org/W2486722903","https://openalex.org/W2511065100","https://openalex.org/W2523358814","https://openalex.org/W2553813712","https://openalex.org/W2560468004","https://openalex.org/W2560550165","https://openalex.org/W2598457882","https://openalex.org/W2765854388","https://openalex.org/W6644158137","https://openalex.org/W6721146849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086354835","https://openalex.org/W2078697937","https://openalex.org/W2052206812","https://openalex.org/W2012801313","https://openalex.org/W1985161823","https://openalex.org/W2157530871","https://openalex.org/W1617582270","https://openalex.org/W2146411576","https://openalex.org/W2021404574","https://openalex.org/W2147024390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"of":[1,4,16,72,169],"the":[2,5,14,17,23,28,35,63,68,75,81,87,90,103,110,119,125,129,132,140,144,152,160],"impact":[3],"variation":[6],"in":[7,175],"different":[8],"concrete":[9,145,153,181],"surface":[10,154,182],"images,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13,89],"heterogeneity":[15],"detection":[18,31,156],"environment,":[19],"uneven":[20],"illumination,":[21],"stains,":[22],"block,":[24],"and":[25,39,52,95,131,162,185],"water":[26],"leakage,":[27],"existing":[29],"crack":[30,37,76,82,155],"algorithms":[32],"cannot":[33],"detect":[34,102,179],"real":[36,141,180],"quickly":[38],"effectively.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,176],"paper,":[43],"a":[44],"genetic":[45,49],"algorithm":[46,157,173],"based":[47,158],"on":[48,143,159],"programming":[50],"(GP)":[51],"percolation":[53,98,163],"model":[54,71,164],"is":[55,78,84,136],"proposed.":[56],"This":[57],"method":[58],"involves":[59],"three":[60],"steps.":[61],"First,":[62],"cracks":[64,104,121,126,142,183],"are":[65,99,114,122],"pre-extracted":[66,120],"by":[67,128],"image":[69],"processing":[70],"GP.":[73],"Second,":[74],"tip":[77],"calculated":[79],"after":[80],"skeleton":[83],"extracted.":[85],"With":[86],"endpoint":[88],"anchor":[91],"point,":[92],"high":[93,96],"speed,":[94],"precision":[97],"used":[100],"to":[101,138],"with":[105,124,187],"small":[106],"width":[107],"accurately.":[108],"Concurrently,":[109],"fracture":[111],"unit":[112],"areas":[113],"scanned":[115],"for":[116],"connection.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"connected":[123],"detected":[127],"percolation,":[130],"mass":[133],"interference":[134],"area":[135],"removed":[137],"obtain":[139],"surface.":[146],"The":[147,172],"simulation":[148],"results":[149],"show":[150],"that":[151],"GP":[161],"can":[165,178],"effectively":[166,186],"combine":[167],"both":[168],"their":[170],"advantages.":[171],"proposed":[174],"paper":[177],"accurately":[184],"strong":[188],"robustness.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
