{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943522502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913989","title":"Lowest-Technical-Merit Design Methodology of Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle","display_name":"Lowest-Technical-Merit Design Methodology of Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943522502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913989","mag":"2943522502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08701698.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08701698.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100720745","display_name":"Wenkai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-5633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-5633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106975607","display_name":"Zhongxi Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6939-8437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxi Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090329596","display_name":"Xianzhong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-9202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianzhong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101760970","display_name":"Lili Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1022-8693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8402,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92742709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"56480","last_page":"56491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12513","display_name":"Rocket and propulsion systems research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12513","display_name":"Rocket and propulsion systems research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.7480425238609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.6796842813491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cruise","display_name":"Cruise","score":0.614635705947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.6053169965744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6003711819648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersonic-speed","display_name":"Hypersonic speed","score":0.5543071627616882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.5520563125610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5078635811805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5029048323631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.4855920672416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-design","display_name":"Conceptual design","score":0.43048542737960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-design","display_name":"Optimal design","score":0.4228714108467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4165474772453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.33177274465560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28397586941719055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.7480425238609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.6796842813491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778821358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063640","display_name":"Cruise","level":2,"score":0.614635705947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.6053169965744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6003711819648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122824865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830787","display_name":"Hypersonic speed","level":2,"score":0.5543071627616882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.5520563125610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5078635811805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5029048323631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.4855920672416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120208923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158435","display_name":"Conceptual design","level":2,"score":0.43048542737960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.4228714108467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4165474772453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.33177274465560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28397586941719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08701698.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6278820adec4e8ba16011ed14498d78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6278820adec4e8ba16011ed14498d78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 56480-56491 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08701698.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6467112741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11602298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943522502.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943522502.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49930567","https://openalex.org/W563132070","https://openalex.org/W613734291","https://openalex.org/W854224096","https://openalex.org/W1980348099","https://openalex.org/W1987682159","https://openalex.org/W1990963800","https://openalex.org/W1991974416","https://openalex.org/W2010413157","https://openalex.org/W2010659942","https://openalex.org/W2032939455","https://openalex.org/W2033192035","https://openalex.org/W2095812890","https://openalex.org/W2108383434","https://openalex.org/W2114461947","https://openalex.org/W2186166825","https://openalex.org/W2322492349","https://openalex.org/W2326142310","https://openalex.org/W2326727240","https://openalex.org/W2328142771","https://openalex.org/W2332431834","https://openalex.org/W2378055383","https://openalex.org/W2409549480","https://openalex.org/W2485865984","https://openalex.org/W2569557071","https://openalex.org/W2583528535","https://openalex.org/W2593992582","https://openalex.org/W2612033780","https://openalex.org/W2621106734","https://openalex.org/W2749407135","https://openalex.org/W2769417443","https://openalex.org/W2774065080","https://openalex.org/W2781939803","https://openalex.org/W2782646658","https://openalex.org/W2791892818","https://openalex.org/W2792622845","https://openalex.org/W2795015408","https://openalex.org/W2799646671","https://openalex.org/W2802208914","https://openalex.org/W2889745879","https://openalex.org/W3174019959","https://openalex.org/W3178041434","https://openalex.org/W3202108043","https://openalex.org/W4236597200","https://openalex.org/W4250544840","https://openalex.org/W6722552849","https://openalex.org/W6827520516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2744842631","https://openalex.org/W2928135228","https://openalex.org/W2604794472","https://openalex.org/W2269548070","https://openalex.org/W3043953383","https://openalex.org/W2461205088","https://openalex.org/W2380609026","https://openalex.org/W2101351086","https://openalex.org/W3211504322","https://openalex.org/W2389392067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,13,65,83,131,144],"design":[2,54,66,125,145],"of":[3,15,43,133,146],"hypersonic":[4,134],"cruise":[5,135],"vehicles,":[6],"great":[7],"effort":[8,23],"is":[9,30],"demanded":[10,24],"to":[11,25,77,82,129],"improve":[12,130],"performances":[14],"subsystems,":[16],"namely":[17],"structure,":[18],"aerodynamics,":[19],"and":[20,102],"propulsion.":[21],"Herein,":[22],"realize":[26],"a":[27,37,51,72,95,103],"subsystem":[28,46],"performance":[29],"quantified":[31],"by":[32],"technical":[33,41],"merit.":[34],"To":[35],"achieve":[36,116],"feasible":[38],"design,":[39],"excessive":[40],"merit":[42],"any":[44],"one":[45],"should":[47],"be":[48,69,141],"avoided.":[49],"Accordingly,":[50],"lowest-technical-merit":[52],"(LTM)":[53],"methodology":[55,87,126],"has":[56,88],"been":[57,89],"proposed":[58],"in":[59,143],"this":[60,63],"work.":[61],"By":[62],"methodology,":[64],"problem":[67],"could":[68,115,127,139],"interpreted":[70],"into":[71],"parametric":[73],"optimization.":[74],"The":[75,86,109,124],"solution":[76],"such":[78],"an":[79],"optimization":[80],"corresponds":[81],"highest":[84],"feasibility.":[85],"implemented":[90],"on":[91],"two":[92],"cases:":[93],"deriving":[94],"hydrocarbon-fueled":[96],"long-range":[97],"cruiser":[98],"from":[99,107],"Boeing":[100],"X-51A,":[101],"hydrogen-fueled":[104],"LAPCAT":[105],"scenario":[106],"PREPHA.":[108],"simulation":[110],"results":[111],"show":[112],"that":[113],"LTM":[114],"optimal":[117],"allocations":[118],"while":[119],"satisfying":[120],"different":[121],"payload/range":[122],"performances.":[123],"help":[128],"feasibility":[132],"vehicles.":[136],"Furthermore,":[137],"it":[138],"also":[140],"used":[142],"other":[147],"systems.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
