{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943484928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913759","title":"Specific Emitter Identification Based on Deep Residual Networks","display_name":"Specific Emitter Identification Based on Deep Residual Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943484928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913759","mag":"2943484928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08701434.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08701434.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003533736","display_name":"Yiwei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-6555"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-6555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067444646","display_name":"Sihan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-471X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009162241","display_name":"Hua Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-3535"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101910052","display_name":"Tianyun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-8907"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078565848","display_name":"Wenya Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-7818"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenya Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.7421,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":165,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98378918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"54425","last_page":"54434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7720778584480286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.671360969543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6266894936561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.6017834544181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5469605326652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4635673463344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert-transform","display_name":"Hilbert transform","score":0.44516628980636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4432273805141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4150995910167694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.4134477972984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3166283965110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31570035219192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.25222301483154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15929311513900757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7720778584480286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.671360969543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6266894936561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.6017834544181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5469605326652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4635673463344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28799612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685437","display_name":"Hilbert transform","level":3,"score":0.44516628980636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4432273805141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4150995910167694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.4134477972984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3166283965110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31570035219192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.25222301483154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15929311513900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08701434.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3028701d82844d80912002668d3d7fa5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3028701d82844d80912002668d3d7fa5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 54425-54434 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08701434.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5861432917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7046072648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943484928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943484928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70357103","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1614669719","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1932847118","https://openalex.org/W1968960382","https://openalex.org/W1987867688","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2012166391","https://openalex.org/W2052476756","https://openalex.org/W2052920271","https://openalex.org/W2123132767","https://openalex.org/W2125088289","https://openalex.org/W2153954448","https://openalex.org/W2153971927","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2161489724","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2304380770","https://openalex.org/W2591880439","https://openalex.org/W2763390836","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2775383661","https://openalex.org/W2789086965","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2886145918","https://openalex.org/W2891054065","https://openalex.org/W4241404402","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6647157079","https://openalex.org/W6696733582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083592477","https://openalex.org/W2363056446","https://openalex.org/W2353960620","https://openalex.org/W3190676168","https://openalex.org/W2107880197","https://openalex.org/W2074184731","https://openalex.org/W1986719249","https://openalex.org/W2004948286","https://openalex.org/W154554909","https://openalex.org/W2386521116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Specific":[0],"emitter":[1],"identification":[2,21],"(SEI)":[3],"enables":[4],"the":[5,12,17,43,67,72,84,98,117,122,128,134,145,160,167,180,195,202],"discrimination":[6],"of":[7,103,204],"individual":[8],"radio":[9],"emitters":[10],"with":[11,152],"external":[13],"features":[14,39],"carried":[15],"by":[16],"received":[18,68],"waveforms.":[19],"This":[20],"technique":[22],"has":[23,88,201],"been":[24],"widely":[25],"adopted":[26],"in":[27,121,159],"military":[28],"and":[29,70,92,100,140,176,192],"civil":[30],"applications.":[31],"However,":[32],"many":[33],"previous":[34,157],"methods":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37,66],"hand-crafted":[38],"are":[40,189],"subject":[41],"to":[42,206],"present":[44],"expertise.":[45],"To":[46],"remedy":[47],"these":[48],"shortcomings,":[49],"this":[50],"paper":[51],"presents":[52],"a":[53,77,81,111,172],"novel":[54],"SEI":[55],"algorithm":[56],"using":[57,127,186],"deep":[58,112,187],"learning":[59,116,188],"architecture.":[60],"First,":[61],"we":[62,109,131],"perform":[63],"Hilbert-Huang":[64],"transform":[65],"signal":[69,82,174],"convert":[71],"resulting":[73],"Hilbert":[74,85,123,168],"spectrum":[75,86,124,169],"into":[76],"grayscale":[78],"image.":[79],"As":[80],"representation,":[83,175],"image":[87,170],"high":[89,149],"information":[90,96,150],"integrity":[91,151],"can":[93],"provide":[94],"abundant":[95],"about":[97],"nonlinear":[99],"non-stationary":[101],"characteristics":[102],"signals":[104,207],"for":[105,115],"identifying":[106],"emitters.":[107],"Thereafter,":[108],"construct":[110],"residual":[113,129],"network":[114],"visual":[118],"differences":[119],"reflected":[120],"images.":[125],"By":[126],"architectures,":[130],"effectively":[132],"address":[133],"degradation":[135],"problem,":[136],"which":[137,155],"improves":[138],"efficiency":[139],"generalization.":[141],"From":[142],"our":[143,199],"analysis,":[144],"proposed":[146],"approach":[147],"combines":[148],"low":[153],"complexity,":[154],"outperforms":[156],"studies":[158],"literature.":[161],"The":[162],"simulation":[163],"results":[164],"validate":[165],"that":[166,179],"is":[171],"successful":[173],"also":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"fingerprints":[181],"extracted":[182],"from":[183],"raw":[184],"images":[185],"more":[190],"effective":[191],"robust":[193],"than":[194],"expert":[196],"ones.":[197],"Furthermore,":[198],"method":[200],"capability":[203],"adapting":[205],"collected":[208],"under":[209],"various":[210],"conditions.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
