{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2941380094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913171","title":"Performance Analysis and Design of LT Codes Under the Gaussian Elimination Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Performance Analysis and Design of LT Codes Under the Gaussian Elimination Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2941380094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913171","mag":"2941380094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08698880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08698880.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081019594","display_name":"Chuang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-4493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-4493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018017129","display_name":"Longlong Suo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-8028"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longlong Suo","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Huayin Ordnance Test Center, Huayin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Huayin Ordnance Test Center, Huayin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017223149","display_name":"Dongming Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-6604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongming Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-6604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101780615","display_name":"Jing Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-0526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044770621","display_name":"Shiwei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-9152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwei Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-9152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7108,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72584691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"55797","last_page":"55806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8157870769500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luby-transform-code","display_name":"Luby transform code","score":0.7145593762397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.681516706943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6621923446655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6234990954399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5880440473556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5388040542602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erasure","display_name":"Erasure","score":0.532283365726471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erasure-code","display_name":"Erasure code","score":0.5302025079727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fountain-code","display_name":"Fountain code","score":0.5295560956001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.49991750717163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-codes","display_name":"Online codes","score":0.49654728174209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-erasure-channel","display_name":"Binary erasure channel","score":0.45994871854782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4398794174194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raptor-code","display_name":"Raptor code","score":0.4350171983242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.34726381301879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2163774073123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-code","display_name":"Linear code","score":0.2145853340625763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.1913776993751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14337021112442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.125640869140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07938927412033081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8157870769500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128151799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13563306","display_name":"Luby transform code","level":5,"score":0.7145593762397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.681516706943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6621923446655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6234990954399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5880440473556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5388040542602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778790127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484885","display_name":"Erasure","level":2,"score":0.532283365726471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137529215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5385031","display_name":"Erasure code","level":3,"score":0.5302025079727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76132124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474786","display_name":"Fountain code","level":5,"score":0.5295560956001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.49991750717163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103093684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094069","display_name":"Online codes","level":5,"score":0.49654728174209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149862233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864142","display_name":"Binary erasure channel","level":4,"score":0.45994871854782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4398794174194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101252705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7294373","display_name":"Raptor code","level":5,"score":0.4350171983242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34726381301879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2163774073123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2400350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752667","display_name":"Linear code","level":4,"score":0.2145853340625763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.1913776993751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14337021112442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.125640869140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07938927412033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08698880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a9b134896064c78b04e91c3ef384b92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a9b134896064c78b04e91c3ef384b92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 55797-55806 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2913171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08698880.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1881248090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3507805356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6160011378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4906116743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91738201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941380094.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941380094.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980508703","https://openalex.org/W2006192798","https://openalex.org/W2017830967","https://openalex.org/W2023544465","https://openalex.org/W2033599745","https://openalex.org/W2035856933","https://openalex.org/W2071008473","https://openalex.org/W2083298098","https://openalex.org/W2095742644","https://openalex.org/W2103559118","https://openalex.org/W2110850469","https://openalex.org/W2116479807","https://openalex.org/W2120994080","https://openalex.org/W2131576618","https://openalex.org/W2138779134","https://openalex.org/W2148140427","https://openalex.org/W2162651729","https://openalex.org/W2189160099","https://openalex.org/W2296125569","https://openalex.org/W2792329197","https://openalex.org/W2900865403","https://openalex.org/W4237064274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2976106059","https://openalex.org/W2363930252","https://openalex.org/W1983975287","https://openalex.org/W2343252454","https://openalex.org/W1991256967","https://openalex.org/W3084685600","https://openalex.org/W2110458473","https://openalex.org/W3007262827","https://openalex.org/W2133831677","https://openalex.org/W2543719358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,44,58,69,73,77,95,103,124,131,142],"growing":[2],"demand,":[3],"wireless":[4],"sensor":[5],"networks":[6],"(WSNs)":[7],"play":[8],"an":[9],"increasingly":[10],"important":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,26,33,139],"many":[14],"fields.":[15],"The":[16,127],"focus":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"on":[20,123],"deploying":[21],"Luby":[22],"transform":[23],"(LT)":[24],"codes":[25,67],"WSNs":[27,41],"because":[28],"of":[29,76,87,94,105],"their":[30],"inherent":[31],"advantages":[32],"erasure":[34,79,97],"channels.":[35],"Since":[36],"most":[37],"data":[38,78,96],"transmitted":[39],"by":[40,115],"are":[42,81],"small,":[43],"Gaussian":[45],"elimination":[46],"(GE)":[47],"decoding":[48],"algorithm":[49],"is":[50,99],"highly":[51],"attractive.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,110],"investigate":[57],"performance":[59,104,133],"analysis":[60,134],"and":[61,135],"code":[62,136],"design":[63,113,137],"methods":[64,114,138],"for":[65,83],"LT":[66,88,107],"under":[68],"GE":[70],"algorithm.":[71],"First,":[72],"analytical":[74],"expressions":[75],"probability":[80,98],"detailed":[82],"two":[84],"simple":[85],"kinds":[86],"codes.":[89,108],"Then,":[90],"a":[91],"characteristic":[92,125],"indicator":[93],"introduced":[100],"to":[101],"evaluate":[102],"general":[106],"Finally,":[109],"propose":[111],"novel":[112],"optimizing":[116],"degree":[117],"distributions":[118],"from":[119],"three":[120],"goals":[121],"based":[122],"indicator.":[126],"numerical":[128],"results":[129],"validate":[130],"proposed":[132],"comparison":[140],"with":[141],"conventional":[143],"method.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}