{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2941418425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912807","title":"Cropland Mapping and Change Detection: Toward Zimbabwean Cropland Inventory","display_name":"Cropland Mapping and Change Detection: Toward Zimbabwean Cropland Inventory","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2941418425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912807","mag":"2941418425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2912807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08695786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08695786.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048254550","display_name":"Juliana Useya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-0148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juliana Useya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103100390","display_name":"Shengbo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5399-709X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengbo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017573350","display_name":"Mike Murefu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5451-9614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Murefu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048254550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.9682,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9820881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"53603","last_page":"53620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.8786500692367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7729122042655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.5633993148803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5235174298286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5121824741363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.472690612077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.4708057641983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.44393259286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.36983639001846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34658515453338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.26635730266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.22076410055160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1473524570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09148439764976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08347901701927185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.8786500692367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7729122042655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.5633993148803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5235174298286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5121824741363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.472690612077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.4708057641983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.44393259286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.36983639001846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34658515453338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.26635730266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.22076410055160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1473524570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09148439764976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08347901701927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2912807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08695786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32e95190282b4ade8e8a1b0075d26966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32e95190282b4ade8e8a1b0075d26966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 53603-53620 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2912807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912807","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08695786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4591999020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017TD-26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336022","funder_display_name":"Program for Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5448685999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SXGJXX2017-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322300","funder_display_name":"Jilin University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322300","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336022","display_name":"Program for Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941418425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941418425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576693938","https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W1526791177","https://openalex.org/W1571356903","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1786932643","https://openalex.org/W1976193075","https://openalex.org/W1988907501","https://openalex.org/W1991223815","https://openalex.org/W1998211673","https://openalex.org/W2000490293","https://openalex.org/W2001510610","https://openalex.org/W2014187500","https://openalex.org/W2017107861","https://openalex.org/W2022268612","https://openalex.org/W2029185882","https://openalex.org/W2048106347","https://openalex.org/W2077570405","https://openalex.org/W2082404809","https://openalex.org/W2088869937","https://openalex.org/W2094822436","https://openalex.org/W2100335098","https://openalex.org/W2121025662","https://openalex.org/W2126902408","https://openalex.org/W2129305329","https://openalex.org/W2129920251","https://openalex.org/W2131137177","https://openalex.org/W2133520613","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2155939589","https://openalex.org/W2161578805","https://openalex.org/W2162147170","https://openalex.org/W2170804038","https://openalex.org/W2201441719","https://openalex.org/W2245449659","https://openalex.org/W2307094448","https://openalex.org/W2330820318","https://openalex.org/W2420298574","https://openalex.org/W2477400917","https://openalex.org/W2540777836","https://openalex.org/W2549994478","https://openalex.org/W2558892021","https://openalex.org/W2562763039","https://openalex.org/W2592712793","https://openalex.org/W2619820913","https://openalex.org/W2741158786","https://openalex.org/W2757805342","https://openalex.org/W2766727660","https://openalex.org/W2767118947","https://openalex.org/W2794104823","https://openalex.org/W2811229714","https://openalex.org/W2870288294","https://openalex.org/W2886440097","https://openalex.org/W2900323551","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2953770396","https://openalex.org/W2965919272","https://openalex.org/W2980843123","https://openalex.org/W2998969040","https://openalex.org/W3208339176","https://openalex.org/W4210978169","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W6628505203","https://openalex.org/W6631519391","https://openalex.org/W6745745716","https://openalex.org/W6769565237","https://openalex.org/W6772459368","https://openalex.org/W6802864400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317911","https://openalex.org/W3207384893","https://openalex.org/W2164995725","https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W4372264653","https://openalex.org/W4310842702","https://openalex.org/W4285330809","https://openalex.org/W2021379394","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2096239959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,18,20,23,35,58,64,69,91,99,107,112,118,122,130,136,146,166,183,190,231,236],"spatially":[2],"explicit":[3],"cropland":[4,30,49,73,97,141,173,203,224,250],"maps":[5],"are":[6,46,87,193],"crucial":[7],"for":[8,39,120,123,179],"many":[9],"applications,":[10],"which":[11],"include":[12],"sustainable":[13],"crop":[14],"monitoring,":[15],"food":[16],"security,":[17],"land":[19,93],"agriculture":[21],"planning":[22],"management.":[24],"Zimbabwe":[25],"lacks":[26],"reliable":[27],"data":[28],"on":[29],"extent":[31],"of":[32,43,116,128,143,171,175,186,188,218,246],"the":[33,71,110,158,164,180,202,210,227,247],"old":[34],"new":[36],"re-allocated":[37],"areas":[38,142,174,251],"inventory":[40],"purposes.":[41],"Objectives":[42],"this":[44],"paper":[45],"to":[47,206,222],"map":[48],"utilizing:":[50],"(1)":[51],"automatic":[52],"classification;":[53],"(2)":[54],"multi-classifier":[55],"system":[56],"(MCS);":[57],"(3)":[59],"normalized":[60],"difference":[61],"vegetation":[62],"index":[63,66],"bare-soil":[65],"(NDVI-BSI)":[67],"thresholding":[68,138,156,168],"determine":[70],"spatiotemporal":[72],"changes.":[74],"Change":[75,195],"detection":[76,196],"is":[77,229],"implemented":[78],"through":[79],"a":[80,198],"post-classification":[81],"statistical":[82],"method.":[83],"The":[84],"classified":[85],"results":[86,170],"compared":[88],"with":[89],"SADC":[90],"ESA":[92],"cover":[94],"products,":[95],"GFSAD30AFCE":[96],"layer,":[98],"Google":[100],"Earth":[101],"imagery.":[102],"Results":[103],"reveal":[104],"that":[105,154],"MCS":[106,165],"NDVI-BSI":[108,137,155,167,219],"performed":[109],"best":[111],"achieved":[113],"overall":[114],"accuracies":[115,127],"80.54%":[117],"79.32%":[119],"2013,":[121],"2018,":[124,184],"they":[125],"attained":[126],"87.90%":[129],"88.56%,":[131],"respectively.":[132,149],"Automated":[133],"classification,":[134],"MCS,":[135],"produced":[139],"average":[140],"3416396,":[144],"10346778,":[145],"9788833":[147],"Ha,":[148],"Visual":[150],"assessment":[151],"observations":[152],"show":[153],"outperformed":[157],"other":[159],"two":[160],"techniques.":[161],"Comparing":[162],"further":[163,216],"approaches'":[169],"total":[172],"Zimbabwe's":[176],"ten":[177],"provinces":[178],"years":[181],"2013":[182],"coefficients":[185],"determination":[187],"0.8404":[189],"0.9619,":[191],"respectively,":[192],"achieved.":[194],"shows":[197],"general":[199],"increase":[200],"in":[201,249],"area":[204],"due":[205],"human":[207],"activities":[208],"despite":[209],"prolonged":[211],"drought.":[212],"However,":[213],"we":[214],"recommend":[215,244],"exploration":[217],"threshold":[220],"values":[221],"derive":[223],"layers":[225],"since":[226],"method":[228],"robust":[230],"can":[232],"be":[233],"automated":[234],"easily":[235],"faster":[237],"without":[238],"inputting":[239],"training":[240],"data.":[241],"We":[242],"also":[243],"simulation":[245],"changes":[248],"using":[252],"cellular":[253],"automata":[254],"and/or":[255],"agent-based":[256],"modeling.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
