{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944092870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912584","title":"Context Embedding Based on Bi-LSTM in Semi-Supervised Biomedical Word Sense Disambiguation","display_name":"Context Embedding Based on Bi-LSTM in Semi-Supervised Biomedical Word Sense Disambiguation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944092870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912584","mag":"2944092870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2912584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912584","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08712564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08712564.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382248","display_name":"Zhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9813-4979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Wireless Power Transmission, Ministry of Education, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless Power Transmission, Ministry of Education, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045825296","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-1138"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102977878","display_name":"Yaoru Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6547-1634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoru Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-3565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100382248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.0488,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93240665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"72928","last_page":"72935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8486793637275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7601714134216309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.753879189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7031355500221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6815590858459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.635369598865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5147385597229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.5132489204406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semeval","display_name":"SemEval","score":0.47869399189949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4694271683692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4287180006504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.4273185431957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.3934469223022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.28539741039276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.14305764436721802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8486793637275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7601714134216309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.753879189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7031355500221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6815590858459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.635369598865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5147385597229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.5132489204406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44572571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448970","display_name":"SemEval","level":3,"score":0.47869399189949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4694271683692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4287180006504059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.4273185431957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.3934469223022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.28539741039276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14305764436721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2912584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912584","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08712564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:93e13d5343ff4ea180692b06505b5a3f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93e13d5343ff4ea180692b06505b5a3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 72928-72935 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2912584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2912584","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08712564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7003229198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFG0192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944092870.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944092870.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70010159","https://openalex.org/W632008434","https://openalex.org/W1532254950","https://openalex.org/W1606445119","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1974578407","https://openalex.org/W1985104050","https://openalex.org/W2003374509","https://openalex.org/W2028102159","https://openalex.org/W2048180198","https://openalex.org/W2057961027","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2101293500","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2125332449","https://openalex.org/W2127289991","https://openalex.org/W2150034910","https://openalex.org/W2159426036","https://openalex.org/W2159719802","https://openalex.org/W2164019165","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250954350","https://openalex.org/W2250962271","https://openalex.org/W2251537235","https://openalex.org/W2251732932","https://openalex.org/W2293111794","https://openalex.org/W2294874432","https://openalex.org/W2436001372","https://openalex.org/W2507974895","https://openalex.org/W2592420893","https://openalex.org/W2811224567","https://openalex.org/W2951368271","https://openalex.org/W2963587816","https://openalex.org/W2963606136","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6601735882","https://openalex.org/W6602781898","https://openalex.org/W6603476990","https://openalex.org/W6604294793","https://openalex.org/W6631602457","https://openalex.org/W6634199649","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6675060156","https://openalex.org/W6681960485","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6684165356","https://openalex.org/W6691526438","https://openalex.org/W6729469121","https://openalex.org/W6752948816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469576572","https://openalex.org/W2753242182","https://openalex.org/W3110732717","https://openalex.org/W2590462354","https://openalex.org/W3184566226","https://openalex.org/W2171469118","https://openalex.org/W4205820553","https://openalex.org/W68335373","https://openalex.org/W4385890381","https://openalex.org/W2402231715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Word":[0],"sense":[1,20,48,138],"disambiguation":[2],"(WSD)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,50,81,131,134,145],"basic":[6],"task":[7],"of":[8,21,49,100],"natural":[9],"language":[10,83,107,162],"processing":[11],"(NLP)":[12],"and":[13,65,140,154],"its":[14,27],"purpose":[15],"to":[16,26,45,70,88,173],"choose":[17],"the":[18,47,60,63,119,125,160,175,189,198],"correct":[19],"an":[22,90,115],"ambiguous":[23],"word":[24,43,101,126,132],"according":[25],"context.":[28,51],"In":[29,76,157],"biomedical":[30,178],"WSD,":[31],"recent":[32],"research":[33],"has":[34],"used":[35],"context":[36,93,112,135],"embeddings":[37,44,139],"built":[38],"by":[39,97,136,193],"concatenating":[40],"or":[41],"averaging":[42],"represent":[46],"These":[52],"simple":[53],"linear":[54],"operations":[55],"on":[56,86,151,169,177],"neighbor":[57],"words":[58],"ignore":[59],"information":[61],"about":[62],"sequence":[64],"may":[66],"cause":[67],"their":[68],"models":[69],"be":[71],"flawed":[72],"in":[73,94,114,133],"semantic":[74],"representation.":[75],"this":[77,141,184],"paper,":[78],"we":[79,164],"present":[80],"novel":[82],"model":[84,108,129],"based":[85,168],"Bi-LSTM":[87,195],"embed":[89],"entire":[91],"sentential":[92],"continuous":[95],"space":[96],"taking":[98],"account":[99],"order.":[102],"We":[103],"demonstrate":[104],"that":[105,122,183],"our":[106,128,194],"can":[109,186],"generate":[110],"high-quality":[111],"representations":[113],"unsupervised":[116],"manner.":[117],"Unlike":[118],"previous":[120],"work":[121],"directly":[123],"predicts":[124],"senses,":[127],"classifies":[130],"building":[137],"helps":[142],"us":[143],"set":[144],"new":[146],"state-of-the-art":[147,190],"result":[148],"(macro/micro":[149],"average)":[150],"both":[152],"MSH":[153],"NLM":[155],"datasets.":[156],"addition,":[158],"with":[159],"same":[161],"model,":[163],"propose":[165],"semi-supervised":[166],"learning":[167],"label":[170],"propagation":[171],"(LP)":[172],"reduce":[174],"dependence":[176],"data.":[179,201],"The":[180],"results":[181,191],"show":[182],"method":[185],"nearly":[187],"approach":[188],"produced":[192],"when":[196],"reducing":[197],"labeled":[199],"training":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}