{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2941842076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911124","title":"Analysis of Blockchain System With Token-Based Bookkeeping Method","display_name":"Analysis of Blockchain System With Token-Based Bookkeeping Method","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2941842076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911124","mag":"2941842076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2911124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08691432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08691432.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102833474","display_name":"Tianqi Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-7638"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zall Research Institute of Smart Commerce, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zall Research Institute of Smart Commerce, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034644271","display_name":"Hengjin Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-8334"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. J. Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["EveriToken Lab, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-8334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EveriToken Lab, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014887356","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-2134"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["EveriToken Lab, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EveriToken Lab, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045709824","display_name":"Xiji Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiji Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["EveriToken Lab, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EveriToken Lab, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114027955","display_name":"Linfeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7807-1397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.5842,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95115057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"50823","last_page":"50832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.9400001168251038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7888971567153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bookkeeping","display_name":"Bookkeeping","score":0.7427431344985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6582615375518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.6273674964904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-processing","display_name":"Transaction processing","score":0.4417828321456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/token-economy","display_name":"Token economy","score":0.4300568997859955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.4121851325035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3936770558357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3547106981277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.29097694158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17247775197029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15577653050422668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.9400001168251038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7888971567153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105387459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707847","display_name":"Bookkeeping","level":2,"score":0.7427431344985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6582615375518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6273674964904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.4417828321456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155076860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932004","display_name":"Token economy","level":3,"score":0.4300568997859955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4121851325035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3936770558357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3547106981277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.29097694158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17247775197029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15577653050422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2911124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08691432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9647f16c074f471cb4aded6dcb98a347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9647f16c074f471cb4aded6dcb98a347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 50823-50832 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2911124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911124","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08691432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6134627929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941842076.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941842076.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93530148","https://openalex.org/W1601379374","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2185939662","https://openalex.org/W2604844934","https://openalex.org/W2799891711","https://openalex.org/W2802340657","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W4242105030","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6603773863","https://openalex.org/W6686608944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955145455","https://openalex.org/W4293452506","https://openalex.org/W1973995623","https://openalex.org/W2078711301","https://openalex.org/W2091182875","https://openalex.org/W1966017346","https://openalex.org/W4313501107","https://openalex.org/W2476330730","https://openalex.org/W2011487162","https://openalex.org/W2565587833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,10],"token-based":[3,39],"blockchain":[4],"system":[5,53,70],"that":[6,23,32],"streamlines":[7],"abstractions":[8],"into":[9],"universal":[11],"token":[12,19],"structure.":[13],"In":[14],"the":[15,25,38,46,51,68,74],"proposed":[16,52,69],"system,":[17],"each":[18,49],"has":[20],"an":[21],"identity":[22],"enables":[24],"implementation":[26],"of":[27,67,76],"specific":[28],"rollbacks":[29],"and":[30,44,57,78],"governance":[31,79],"make":[33],"51%":[34],"attacks":[35],"unprofitable.":[36],"Because":[37],"bookkeeping":[40],"method":[41],"only":[42],"verifies":[43],"updates":[45],"ownership":[47],"within":[48],"transaction,":[50],"supports":[54],"parallel":[55],"expansion":[56],"cross-chain":[58],"transactions":[59],"without":[60],"limit.":[61],"The":[62],"flexible":[63],"authority":[64],"management":[65],"mechanism":[66],"is":[71],"regulatory-friendly,":[72],"as":[73],"intensity":[75],"supervision":[77],"can":[80],"be":[81],"adapted":[82],"to":[83],"accommodate":[84],"different":[85],"application":[86],"scenarios.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}